Power System Fault Phasor Diagram

[jaus tail]

Homework Statement

Homework Equations

If load is inductive current lags voltage. If load is capacitive voltage lags current

The Attempt at a Solution

Current lags voltage since wire is inductive.
So I_F1 lags V_F1 and I_F2 lags V_F2
But book says answer is C
Why should V_F1 lag I_F1? This will happen only if load is capacitor. But that is not mentioned in question.

 

[jim hardy]

Do these faults take place at the same time so there's one solution,
or do they occur individually so there's two separate solutions ?

What direction of current is assumed positive ?

old jim

 

[jaus tail]

They haven't mentioned anything. Only this question. I found two solutions from internet. One says:
When fault takes place at F1, current is feeding into the BUS A. It is like a generator delivering power to bus A----> So V_f1 lags I_f1
When fault takes place at F2, F2 point is like a load taking power from generator----> So V_f2 leads I_f2
So they've said C is the right answer.

Other website said that fault always takes reactive power so V_f1 will lead I_f1 and V_f2 will lead I_f2
I also think this should be the right answer but many internet sites said the earlier one is the right answer i.e option C. I didn't understand that underlined part above.

 

[jaus tail]

I guess the faults take place independently. That is why they say 'if the fault takes place at location F1' in the question.

 

[jim hardy]

What direction of current is assumed positive ?

make that what direction is shown positive ? Look at your diagram.

 

[jaus tail]

I guess positive current is from left to right. Since voltage at A is leading voltage at B, so active power will flow from A to B (Don't know about reactive power) (assuming Ea = Eb).

 

[jim hardy]

You're almost there. Draw phasor diagram ?

 

[jaus tail]

I did that. Still not getting answer C.

In both cases the fault current lags the voltage at bus A.

 

[jim hardy]

Haste makes waste. I think your diagram is less than rigorous in assigning current directions.

But current is defined in problem statement as what flows at bus A which is in between the two fault locations.

Will current there not flow toward the fault ?
If so,
In one case does it flow through A left to right , same way arrow is pointing, and in other case through A right to left, opposite the arrow ?
What would that do to its phasor?

 

[jaus tail]

Wow... This was so difficult. How do I go through all this in the exam. I couldn't have thought of this during the exam.

Is my above phasor right? What would the Ea be? Is that Va or Vf1?

 

[jim hardy]

Keep your thinking simple.

What would the Ea be?

What is voltage at location of the fault ? Does E_A matter at all ?

Is my above phasor right?

With no labels i don't know what it is that you drew.

Aha there's your next thought step.
What is the current flowing through A to reach the fault ?
Negating AC current shifts its phase 180 degrees, doesn't it ?

Think in simple steps. Write them out one per line.
That's probably the point of this homework problem.

Good luck in your studies. Remember, success is 1% inspiration 99% perspiration . So orderly disciplined thinking is your best ally.

old jim

 

[jaus tail]

Thanks. Is this the right phasor?

 

[jim hardy]

Thanks. Is this the right phasor?

Red line represents what ? I thought the fault was at F₁ not at bus A.

I(F_A) looks like a reasonable guess since we don't know the angle δ .so can't draw a phasor for V_A.


If V(f1) is zero why does your Black V(f1) phasor have nonzero length ? Are you saying it's the voltage at the fault, its lowercase "f" distinguishing it from voltage at bus A which has uppercase" F" V_F1 ?

Were your fault at bus A then the voltage there would be zero. But there's some fraction of line impedance between Bus A and fault F₁ .

Current through A is pushed toward the fault F₁ by E_B. Voltage at bus A, confusingly named V_F1 instead of V_BusA, is therefore nonzero.
It'll be some fraction of E_B by voltage divider action. So we could draw a phasor for it . We could call it either V_BusA, or V_F1 .. It'll have same phase as E_B just shorter length.

Were your black phasor labelled E_B and V_F1's phasor just a portion of E_B 's i'd like your diagram a lot better.

Brown I_F1 looks okay, i think you see that it has to be drawn up not down because of the current directions assigned.

That rigorous attention to detail is what it takes to get through EE. You'd best develop the self discipline now.
It's easy to do. What is difficult is to overcome our desire to leap straight to an answer instead of walking there one little step at a time..
That's mental laziness - recognize it as forbidden fruit .

This problem really boils down to basic circuit analysis. Be attentive to labels and assigned polarities and the algebra will work out.

old jim

 

[jaus tail]

Yeah i drew fault at wrong place. Red line should be at a bit left.

 

[jim hardy]

I understand the pressure of university level coursework. They feed it to you fast.

It seems counterintuitive at first to work slow and methodical . Simple problems can often be done by inspection.
As the coursework subjects grow more complex 'slow and methodical' becomes a must.
Remember the fable of "Tortoise and Hare"..

old jim

 

[jaus tail]

Thanks.