The discussion centers on proving the inequality -|x| ≤ x ≤ |x| for any real number x using only the definition of absolute value. Participants suggest breaking the proof into three cases: x greater than zero, x less than zero, and x equal to zero. This approach, referred to as proof by exhaustion, allows for a clear demonstration of the inequality in each scenario. The initial steps involve proving the left side of the inequality first, followed by the right side. Overall, the methodical breakdown of cases is emphasized as an effective strategy for this proof.