The discussion centers on proving the equation F^2_n + F^2_(n+1) = F_(2n+1) for n ≥ 1 using mathematical induction. The proof begins with a base case, specifically n = 1, to verify the formula's validity. Following this, an inductive step is proposed where the assumption that the formula holds for n = k is used to demonstrate its truth for n = k + 1. This method establishes that if the formula is true for one case, it holds for all subsequent integers. The conclusion emphasizes that the inductive proof effectively confirms the formula's validity for all n.