MHB Proof That $\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\frac{1}{a^n}=0$ if $a>1$

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$\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\frac{1}{a^n} = 0$ if $a > 1$.

Not sure how to handle this one. Do I want have $\frac{1}{\sqrt[n]{\epsilon}} < a$?
 
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To prove this limit, we need to show that exists $N_0 \in \mathbb{N}$ such that for all $n \geq N_0$ we have that

$$\left| \frac{1}{a^n} - 0 \right| < \varepsilon,$$

for all $\varepsilon >0$.

Not sure what tools you have available, but if perhaps you could do

$$\frac{1}{a^n} < \varepsilon \leadsto a^n > \frac{1}{\varepsilon} \leadsto n \log_a a = n > \log_a \left( \frac{1}{\varepsilon} \right).$$

Therefore, take $N_0 = \left\lceil \log_a \left( \frac{1}{\varepsilon} \right) \right\rceil$.

Not entirely sure, but the whole process looks okay.
 
Fantini said:
To prove this limit, we need to show that exists $N_0 \in \mathbb{N}$ such that for all $n \geq N_0$ we have that

$$\left| \frac{1}{a^n} - 0 \right| < \varepsilon,$$

for all $\varepsilon >0$.

Not sure what tools you have available, but if perhaps you could do

$$\frac{1}{a^n} < \varepsilon \leadsto a^n > \frac{1}{\varepsilon} \leadsto n \log_a a = n > \log_a \left( \frac{1}{\varepsilon} \right).$$

Therefore, take $N_0 = \left\lceil \log_a \left( \frac{1}{\varepsilon} \right) \right\rceil$.

Not entirely sure, but the whole process looks okay.

How do I now show $a > 1$?

Let $\epsilon > 0$ be given. Then $a^n < \frac{1}{\epsilon}$. Let's take the $\log_a$ of both sides.
Then
\begin{alignat}{1}
n\log_a a = n < \log_a\frac{1}{\epsilon}.
\end{alignat}
Let $N\in\mathbb{Z}$ such that $\log_a\frac{1}{\epsilon} < N$. For all $n > N$, we have that $\log_a\frac{1}{\epsilon} < N < n$.
\begin{alignat*}{3}
\log_a\frac{1}{\epsilon} & < & n\\
\frac{1}{\epsilon} & < & a^n\\
\left|\frac{1}{a^n} - 0\right| & < & \epsilon
\end{alignat*}
 
dwsmith said:
$\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\frac{1}{a^n} = 0$ if $a > 1$.

Not sure how to handle this one. Do I want have $\frac{1}{\sqrt[n]{\epsilon}} < a$?
Since you said "if $a>1$", it seems like you're given this information. It is your hypothesis. It is because of this that we can take $\log_a r$. :D
 
if $a>1$, we can write $a=1+y$ where $y>0$. We have $a^n = (1+y)^n > 1+ny>ny$ by the binomial law. Then, $\displaystyle \frac{1}{(1+y)^n}<\frac{1}{ny}$.

Claim: $\displaystyle \frac{1}{ny}$ goes to zero. Fix $\epsilon>0$, for $\forall n > \displaystyle \frac{1}{y\epsilon}$, we have $\displaystyle -\epsilon<0< \frac{1}{yn}<\epsilon$.

We have $\displaystyle 0<\frac{1}{a^n}<\frac{1}{ny}$, so $1/a^n$ converges to $0$ by the Sandwich theorem.
 
Nice solution! It is by far more elementary than mine. :D Doesn't require the use of functions as the logarithm.
 
A sphere as topological manifold can be defined by gluing together the boundary of two disk. Basically one starts assigning each disk the subspace topology from ##\mathbb R^2## and then taking the quotient topology obtained by gluing their boundaries. Starting from the above definition of 2-sphere as topological manifold, shows that it is homeomorphic to the "embedded" sphere understood as subset of ##\mathbb R^3## in the subspace topology.
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