Proving a form ##z=f(r)## to be a surface of revolution

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A surface defined by the equation z=f(r) in cylindrical coordinates is a surface of revolution because it is independent of the angle θ. This independence means that for any fixed radius r, the height z is the same regardless of the angle, resulting in a circular cross-section around the z-axis. The discussion highlights the importance of using cylindrical coordinates directly, rather than converting to spherical coordinates, to maintain clarity in the proof. The conclusion is that the set of points generated by varying r while keeping θ constant forms a surface of revolution about the z-axis. Thus, the reasoning provided is valid and supports the claim that z=f(r) describes a surface of revolution.
toforfiltum
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Homework Statement


Suppose that a surface has an equation in cylindrical coordinates of the form ##z=f(r)##. Explain why it must be a surface of revolution.

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


I consider ##z=f(r)## in terms of spherical coordinates.

## p cosφ = f \sqrt{(p sinφcosθ)^2 + (p sinφsinθ)^2} ##

## p cosφ= f\sqrt{(p sinφ)^2} ##

## p cosφ=f(p sinφ)##

##cosφ= f (sinφ)##

##∴φ= \cos^{-1} f(sinφ)##

Since equation is independent of ##\theta##, it describes a surface of revolution about the ##z## axis.

Is my prove right or acceptable?
 
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toforfiltum said:

Homework Statement


Suppose that a surface has an equation in cylindrical coordinates of the form ##z=f(r)##. Explain why it must be a surface of revolution.

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


I consider ##z=f(r)## in terms of spherical coordinates.

## p cosφ = f \sqrt{(p sinφcosθ)^2 + (p sinφsinθ)^2} ##

## p cosφ= f\sqrt{(p sinφ)^2} ##

## p cosφ=f(p sinφ)##

##cosφ= f (sinφ)##

##∴φ= \cos^{-1} f(sinφ)##

Since equation is independent of ##\theta##, it describes a surface of revolution about the ##z## axis.

Is my prove right or acceptable?

You are using spherical, not cylindreical coordinates. Also: in LaTeX, put a "\" before sin, cos, etc. Without it, the results are ugly and hard to read, like ##sin \phi cos \theta##; with it, they look good, as in ##\sin \phi \cos \theta##.
 
Ray Vickson said:
You are using spherical, not cylindreical coordinates. Also: in LaTeX, put a "\" before sin, cos, etc. Without it, the results are ugly and hard to read, like ##sin \phi cos \theta##; with it, they look good, as in ##\sin \phi \cos \theta##.
Okay! Thanks for the advice! Just started using it, so sorry for the ugly text. I don't have any idea of starting the proof using cylindrical coordinates, that's why I converted it to spherical ones. But I will give it a try now.

The cylindrical coordinates are in the form ##(r,\theta, z)##. I assume that ##r \geq 0##
So ##r= \sqrt{(x^2 + y^2)}##

and ##z=f(\sqrt{(x^2 + y^2)})##, which gives a unique value. These gives a set of points that form a line in ##3D## space.

Since equation is independent of ##\theta##, line is the same for any value of ##\theta##. These similar set of lines form a surface of revolution.

Is it right in any way at all? I'm guessing here.
 
toforfiltum said:

Homework Statement


Suppose that a surface has an equation in cylindrical coordinates of the form ##z=f(r)##. Explain why it must be a surface of revolution.

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


I consider ##z=f(r)## in terms of spherical coordinates.
Why introduce spherical coordinates, which have nothing to do with this question?
If you have a surface of revolution revolved about the ##z## axis, that would mean ##z(r,\theta_1) = z(r,\theta_2)## for any ##\theta_1## and ##\theta_2## wouldn't it? Is that true in your case?
 
LCKurtz said:
Why introduce spherical coordinates, which have nothing to do with this question?
If you have a surface of revolution revolved about the ##z## axis, that would mean ##z(r,\theta_1) = z(r,\theta_2)## for any ##\theta_1## and ##\theta_2## wouldn't it? Is that true in your case?
Yes. So, is what I'm saying above right? But I'm not sure if having a unique set of points will form a line, though.
It depends on ##f##, right?
 
Oh, I think I see now why ##z=f(r)## represents a surface of revolution. Using the explanation on ##zr## planes given by @LCKurtz , each value of ##r## gives a value of ##z##, and the set of values of ##r## gives its respective values of ##z##. Since equation is independent of ##\theta##, these set of points are the same for all values of ##\theta##, and this is the reason why it forms a surface of revolution.

Am I right?
 
Question: A clock's minute hand has length 4 and its hour hand has length 3. What is the distance between the tips at the moment when it is increasing most rapidly?(Putnam Exam Question) Answer: Making assumption that both the hands moves at constant angular velocities, the answer is ## \sqrt{7} .## But don't you think this assumption is somewhat doubtful and wrong?

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