Question about moment of interia

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In summary, the lecturer explains that although objects with different radii have the same speed, this is due to the fact that speed is independent of radius and mass. However, the hollow object is slower due to its moment of inertia, which is dependent on radius. This can be seen in the example where objects with different radii have different moment of inertia and therefore different speeds. The lecturer also discusses the rotational kinetic energy of a hoop and a solid cylinder, and how their different moments of inertia affect their speeds. Ultimately, it is determined that a solid cylinder will roll faster than a hoop of any size due to its more concentrated mass.
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hellbike
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLy0IQT8ssk#t=10m50s

objects with different radius got same speed.
Lecturer says it's because this is independent from radius and mass.

But the hollow one is slower.
Lecturer say it's because of moment of interia.


But moment of interia is radius dependent.

So in example with different radiuses moment of interia is also different.
So why speed is the same?
 
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The rotational kinetic energy of a hoop is 0.5*(mass of the hoop * radius of the hoop^2)*(velocity / radius of the hoop)^2.

After squaring the (velocity / radius) you see the radius^2 is in both the numerator and denominator, so it's gone. So, we know that the rotational kinetic energy of a hoop with pure roll is 0.5*(mass of the hoop)*(velocity)^2

A similar method arises in the case of a solid cylinder of uniform mass density, where the moment of inertia is instead (0.5 * mass of the cylinder * radius of the cylinder^2), so the calculations yield 0.25*(mass of the cylinder)*(velocity)^2.

Using conservation of energy principles, we set the translational kinetic energy of the center of mass + the rotational kinetic energy of the object = the gravitational potential energy at the top of the inclined plane.

So the mass cancels out of the potential, the translational and rotational kinetic energies of both objects. This leaves us with the velocity of the hoop at the bottom of the plane as the square root of g*h, where h is the length of the plane *the angle at which it is inclined. Similarly, we find the velocity of the cylinder to be the square root of (4/3)*g*h

So, if the two objects are of the same material, we can draw the conclusion that a solid cylinder will roll faster than a hoop of any size
 

FAQ: Question about moment of interia

What is moment of inertia?

Moment of inertia is a measure of an object's resistance to changes in its rotational motion. It depends on the object's mass, shape, and distribution of mass around its axis of rotation.

How is moment of inertia calculated?

Moment of inertia is calculated by multiplying the mass of an object by the square of its distance from the axis of rotation. For more complex shapes, the calculation involves integrating small parts of the object's mass distribution.

What is the significance of moment of inertia?

Moment of inertia is an important concept in physics and engineering, as it helps us understand and predict how objects will rotate and respond to external forces. It is also used in the design and analysis of various mechanical systems.

What factors affect the moment of inertia of an object?

The moment of inertia of an object is affected by its mass, shape, and the distribution of mass around its axis of rotation. Objects with larger masses or more spread out mass distributions tend to have larger moments of inertia.

How does moment of inertia relate to angular momentum?

Moment of inertia and angular momentum are directly related, as they both involve an object's rotational motion. The moment of inertia affects how an object's angular momentum changes in response to torque, according to the equation L = Iω, where L is angular momentum, I is moment of inertia, and ω is angular velocity.

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