)Orbital velocity is the speed at which an object must travel in order to maintain a stable orbit around another object, such as a planet or a star. It is determined by the gravitational pull of the object being orbited and the distance between the two objects.
The formula for calculating orbital velocity is V = √(GM/r), where V is the orbital velocity, G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the object being orbited, and r is the distance between the two objects.
The main factors that affect orbital velocity are the mass of the object being orbited, the distance between the two objects, and any external forces acting on the orbiting object, such as atmospheric drag or gravitational forces from other nearby objects.
The orbital velocity for objects in different orbits will vary depending on their distance from the object being orbited. Objects in a lower orbit will have a higher orbital velocity than objects in a higher orbit, as they are closer to the gravitational pull of the object being orbited.
Orbital velocity is important because it determines the stability of an object's orbit. If an object's orbital velocity is too low, it will eventually spiral towards the object it is orbiting and potentially crash into it. If the orbital velocity is too high, the object will escape the orbit and continue on a path away from the object being orbited.