As weird as it seems, there are several two terminal devices that can produce radio waves or even be used to amplify them!. My favorite of these is the Tunnel or Esaki diode. I had great fun playing with one of these in college ;)
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Essentially, if you supply a current to it, the diode will reach a point where the voltage across it begins to decrease as the current increases. That is the definition of a negative resistance. That is,
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R = V/I, but in this case, R < 0, because the slope of V/I is down.
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Anyway, you can place a parallel tuned circuit across it and as long as it isn't loaded to heavily, it will oscillate.
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Now, what's even MORE interesting than that is that someone discovered that a similar diode can be fabricated from parts found in an era 1900 barn!
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http://home.earthlink.net/~lenyr/ntype-nr.htm
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It thrills me to no end to know that Hertz could, if he'd known this, have constructed a CW transmitter.
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Anyway, there's also the aforementioned Gunn diode which is commonly used in speed radar guns. Just put them in a can, apply voltage through a bit of inductance and off they go, singing like they had no better sense.
There's also some crazy powerful transmitter diodes, like the IMPATT and TRAPITT diodes.