To create a 10% solution, 4 ounces of substance should be mixed with 1 gallon of water, which equals 128 ounces. The calculation of 42.68 ounces per gallon is incorrect, as it exceeds the total volume of a gallon. Clarification is needed on whether the gallon referenced is a US or Imperial gallon, as they differ significantly in volume. The discussion emphasizes the importance of accurate calculations and understanding measurement units in solution preparation. Accurate ratios are crucial for achieving the desired concentration in solutions.