To study formal math with proofs, it's important to identify specific sub-disciplines of interest. Recommended textbooks include Apostol's "Calculus" for rigorous proof-based learning and James Stewart's "Calculus Concepts and Contexts" for a more applied approach. Building a solid foundation in algebra and understanding all related concepts is crucial before tackling calculus. For mastering calculus, working through numerous examples and problems is essential, as skipping topics can hinder understanding. Additionally, resources like Schaum's outlines can complement textbooks for self-teaching purposes.