Reflection of inverted waves to form a standing wave

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the formation of standing waves in a string fixed at one end, specifically addressing the behavior of incoming and reflected waves that are 180° out of phase. Participants explore the implications of this phase relationship on wave interference and the resulting oscillation patterns.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants question how reflected waves that are 180° out of phase with incoming waves can combine to produce an oscillating wave, suggesting that this should lead to complete destructive interference along the entire length of the string.
  • Others argue that standing waves are indeed formed, indicating that the interference is not completely destructive due to the waves traveling in opposite directions, which results in varying phase shifts at different points along the string.
  • One participant suggests writing down the mathematical expression for the sum of two waves moving in opposite directions as a method to clarify the situation.
  • Another participant notes that while there is destructive interference at the anti-nodes, this does not negate the formation of standing waves.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of interference between incoming and reflected waves, with no consensus reached on the implications of the 180° phase difference. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the complete nature of interference across the string.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference the need for mathematical expressions and possibly plotting software to better understand the wave interactions, indicating that some assumptions about wave behavior may not be fully articulated.

Vivek98phyboy
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Standing waves in a string fixed at one end is formed by incoming and reflected waves. If reflected waves are 180° out of phase with incoming wave, how could they combine to give an oscillating wave? Shouldn't it be completely destructive interference all the time across the whole length of string?
 
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Vivek98phyboy said:
Shouldn't it be completely destructive interference all the time across the whole length of string?
Clearly not, because we get standing waves.

Have you tried writing down an expression for the sum of two waves moving in opposite directions?
 
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Vivek98phyboy said:
If reflected waves are 180° out of phase with incoming wave, how could they combine to give an oscillating wave? Shouldn't it be completely destructive interference all the time across the whole length of string?
As @Ibix says, the best and easiest way to see this is simply to write it down. Even better if you have plotting software you can use.
 
Vivek98phyboy said:
Standing waves in a string fixed at one end is formed by incoming and reflected waves. If reflected waves are 180° out of phase with incoming wave, how could they combine to give an oscillating wave? Shouldn't it be completely destructive interference all the time across the whole length of string?
No, because they are traveling in opposite directions, so the phase shift is different at each point. The interference is completely destructive at the anti-nodes of the standing wave.
 

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