Relativity: Can a Spaceship Become a Black Hole?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the theoretical implications of a spaceship traveling at relativistic speeds, specifically whether it could become a black hole due to increased mass and compactness as it approaches the speed of light. The scope includes concepts from relativity, black hole physics, and the nature of mass in different reference frames.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Conceptual clarification, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant proposes that as a spaceship accelerates to 99% the speed of light, its mass increases and it could theoretically become compact enough to form a black hole.
  • Another participant counters that the concept of increasing mass at high speeds, referred to as "relativistic mass," is largely discarded in professional physics, emphasizing the importance of invariant mass instead.
  • A third participant clarifies that from the perspective of someone inside the spaceship, the conditions remain unchanged, suggesting that the black hole theory must consider the mass in a co-moving reference frame.
  • A later reply expresses gratitude for the clarification and indicates a growing understanding of the topic.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the implications of relativity and black hole formation, with no consensus reached on the initial question of whether a spaceship could become a black hole.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights the complexity of mass definitions in relativity and the potential misunderstandings surrounding relativistic effects, but does not resolve these nuances.

Zack Davis
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Let's imagine say, a spaceship is going through space at 99% the speed of light. Relativity says (to my understanding) that as the spaceship increases in speed it's mass will increase and it shall also get slightly shorter. Let's assume that energy isn't a problem, should the spaceship continue accelerating and gets up to speeds extremely close to the speed of light, could it theoretically become massive enough and compact enough to have gravity take over and turn that spaceship into a black hole? Thank you!
 
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Hi Zack,

The short answer is no. Here is a more detailed explanation:

http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/BlackHoles/black_fast.html

Note also, the idea of a particle increasing in mass as it gets faster is called "relativistic mass". Although it still appears in the popular science literature and in some poor-quality textbooks, it is a concept that has largely been discarded by professional scientists. Generally, the term "mass" refers to what is known as the "invariant mass".

https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/what-is-relativistic-mass-and-why-is-it-not-used-much.783220/
 
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Hi that's a common misunderstanding of relativity and black holes.

For a traveler inside the spaceship, the spaceship is just the same as it was at take-off (that's what relativity is about!).
Thus, the black hole theory applies to the mass as measured with such a co-moving reference system.
 
Okay. I think I'm beginning to comprehend why the answer would be no. Thank you all! People like you guys are why this site is so fantastic!
 
You are welcome, glad we could help.
 

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