Resistance is a measure of how much a material or component opposes the flow of electric current. It is measured in ohms (Ω) and is represented by the symbol R.
Equivalent resistance is calculated by using Ohm's law, which states that the total resistance in a series circuit is equal to the sum of individual resistances. In a parallel circuit, the equivalent resistance is equal to the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of individual resistances.
In a series circuit, all the components are connected in a single loop, and the same amount of current flows through each component. In a parallel circuit, the components are connected in separate branches, and the current is divided among them.
Resistance is affected by the type of material used in a circuit. Materials with high resistivity, such as rubber or plastic, have a higher resistance compared to materials with low resistivity, such as copper or gold.
No, resistance cannot be negative. It is a measure of opposition to current flow, and a negative resistance would mean that the current is flowing in the opposite direction of the applied voltage.