The discussion focuses on rewriting the equation x² + y² + 5x = 0 using polar substitutions x = r cos(θ) and y = r sin(θ). Participants emphasize the importance of substituting these values to simplify the equation, noting that it can lead to factoring r² and ultimately finding two solutions for r. There is a consensus that factoring is beneficial, especially due to the identity sin²(θ) + cos²(θ) = 1, which aids in simplification. The transformation reveals that x² + y² corresponds to r², reinforcing the connection between Cartesian and polar coordinates. Overall, the process of substitution and factoring is highlighted as a straightforward method for solving the equation.