Solving Physics Homework: Rowing Boats, Relativity, and Cannonball Velocity

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on a physics homework problem involving two individuals, A and B, rowing boats at relativistic speeds of 0.5c and 0.7c, respectively. A throws a stopwatch straight up at 0.5c in their reference frame, while B fires a cannonball at a 45-degree angle. The challenge is to determine the muzzle velocity of the cannonball, considering the relativistic effects and the horizontal motion of the stopwatch. The initial attempts to solve the problem yielded incorrect results, highlighting the need for accurate calculations of the stopwatch's vertical velocity as perceived by B.

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  • Understanding of special relativity, particularly Lorentz transformations.
  • Familiarity with relativistic velocity addition formulas.
  • Knowledge of basic trigonometry for resolving velocities in different dimensions.
  • Experience with reference frames in physics problems.
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  • Study Lorentz transformations in detail to understand velocity conversions between reference frames.
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  • Practice solving problems involving multiple reference frames and projectile motion in relativity.
  • Explore 3D geometry applications in physics to visualize and calculate velocities in three-dimensional space.
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Homework Statement


Persons A and B are rowing boats due east. B at .5c, and A at .7c, both relative to the earth, and are in parallel tracks 3 light seconds apart (B is north of A). A starts out behind B, but as A passes B, A throws a stopwatch straight up at .5c in A's reference frame. B fires a cannonball due south at a 45 degree angle to the horizon and it strikes the stop watch. If B fired the cannon the same time A threw the stopwatch, what is the muzzle velocity of the cannon?


Homework Equations


u'(x)=(u-v)/(1-(uv)/c^2)
u'(y)=u(y)/(γ(1-(u(x)v)/c^2))
γ=1/√(1-(v^2/c^2))


The Attempt at a Solution


I've made a million attempts, and keep getting the answer wrong according to the answer key.

WHAT I did first was convert the speed at which the watch was thrown relative to B (I did not include horizontal velocity in the first try, assuming the cannon was shot STRAIGHT south). After I got the vertical velocity of the watch in B's R.F (√(3)c/4), I used simple trig (given the 3 light seconds apart and the watch's velocity) to find a velocity for the cannon of .612c.
This was the wrong answer, so in my second attempt,

I included the horizontal velocity of the stopwatch as well (because A is moving, and I got 4c/13). With that, I again used some trig with multiple triangles to get the velocity of the cannonball (which, obviously couldn't have pointed EXACTLY south due to the horizontal motion of the watch) and got an answer of .685c, which is still wrong. Can anybody help??
 
Physics news on Phys.org
What do you get as new vertical velocity of the stopwatch (as seen by B), if you take the motion of A into account?

Once you know this (together with the correct 4c/13 horizontal motion), the muzzle velocity is just 3D-geometry in B's system.
 

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