Stress and Strain, load and extension

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SUMMARY

The discussion clarifies the relationship between stress-strain and load-extension graphs for materials, asserting that they generally exhibit similar shapes and key points, such as the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS). It specifically addresses the graphs for metal wires, steel springs, rubber bands, and polyethylene strips, confirming that these materials display critical points like the limit of proportionality and elastic limit at distinct locations on their respective graphs. The relationship between stress and strain is defined as stress = force/area, emphasizing that variations in cross-sectional area can affect the graphs.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of stress and strain concepts in materials science
  • Familiarity with load-extension and stress-strain graph interpretations
  • Knowledge of key material properties such as UTS and elastic limits
  • Basic principles of mechanics and material deformation
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the stress-strain curve characteristics for different materials
  • Study the mechanical properties of metals, specifically steel
  • Explore the behavior of elastomers like rubber under stress
  • Learn about the effects of cross-sectional area on stress calculations
USEFUL FOR

Students and professionals in materials science, mechanical engineering, and physics, particularly those interested in material behavior under stress and strain conditions.

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Firstly, does a stress vs. strain graph for a material always take the same general shape as its load vs. extension graph (with the same important points, e.g. UTS, having the same shape and corresponding to the same thing)?

Secondly, what do the stress-strain and load-extension graphs look like for a metal wire, steel spring, rubber band and polyethene strip, and do these graphs all have all of the main points (i.e. limit of proportionality, elastic limit, upper yield point, lower yield point, UTS and breaking point) at separate points in the graph?
 
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stress = force/area so as long as the cross sectional area does not change (which it does !) then a graph of force against extension is essentially the same as stress against strain.
Strain = extension/original length so a graph of stress against strain should be the same (essentially) as a graph of force against strain
 

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