Physics is defined as the study of interactions between matter and energy, serving as the foundation for all sciences. Effective teaching methodologies for higher secondary students, typically 11th and 12th graders, should focus on engaging students through practical applications and problem-solving. Teachers are encouraged to incorporate hands-on experiments and real-world examples to enhance understanding. Additionally, fostering critical thinking and analytical skills is essential in teaching physics at this level. Overall, a combination of theoretical knowledge and practical application is vital for effective physics education.