Nodes in electrical circuits refer to points where two or more components connect, while loops are closed paths that allow current to flow. Branches represent individual components or paths between nodes. Kirchhoff's laws, which include the current law (KCL) and voltage law (KVL), are essential for analyzing these elements in circuits. Understanding these concepts is crucial for circuit analysis and design. For further clarification, the provided links offer detailed explanations of these terms in the context of Kirchhoff's laws.