The discussion clarifies that the primary difference between sound and music lies in the structured frequency ratios of musical notes. Musical sounds are defined by specific relationships, such as A at 400 Hz corresponding to B at approximately 450 Hz and C at around 495 Hz. The concept of octaves is also highlighted, with A at 800 Hz representing a higher octave. The conversation emphasizes that this topic is more about musical theory than physics. Understanding these frequency relationships is essential for differentiating sound from music.