Trying to model mutual inductance with losses

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on modeling mutual inductance in transformers with losses, specifically involving two coils L1 and L2 with resistors R1 and R2 in series. The equations governing the system include voltage and current relationships, magnetic flux, and core reluctance. The user seeks clarification on the dependency between currents I1 and I2, noting that the transformer is non-ideal and that conventional voltage and current senses differ between supply and supplied circuits. Key insights include the necessity of considering leakage inductance and core losses in the analysis.

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  • Understanding of transformer theory and operation
  • Familiarity with differential equations in electrical circuits
  • Knowledge of magnetic circuits and reluctance
  • Experience with modeling electrical systems using Kirchhoff's laws
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fahraynk
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So as a learning project I am trying to solve a transformer with losses but I am stuck.
1 coil L1 with N1 turns is excited by a sinusoidal voltage V1 with a resistor R1 in series. Wound around a common core with a second coil L2 with N2 turns and a resistor R2 also in series.

$$V_1+R_1I_1+L_1\frac{dI_1}{dt}-M\frac{dI_2}{dt}=0\\
R_2I_2+L_2\frac{dI_2}{dt}-M\frac{dI_1}{dt}=0\\
M\frac{dI_1}{dt} = N_2\frac{d\phi_{12}}{dt}\\
M\frac{dI_2}{dt}=N_1\frac{d\phi_{21}}{dt}\\
V_1+R_1I_1+N_1\frac{d\phi_{11}}{dt}-N_2\frac{d\phi_{21}}{dt}=0\\
N_2\frac{d\phi_{22}}{dt}+R_2I_2-N_2\frac{d\phi_{12}}{dt}=0
$$
So I have the last 2 equations with 8 unknowns (phi self and mutual and I1 I2 and their derivatives)
Now :
$$\phi_{11} = \phi_{12}\\
\phi_{21}=\phi_{22}$$
I think this has to be the case, because all of the flux from the first coil that hits the second coil must also go through the first coil, since all the flux is confined to the core. So I will call them $$\phi_1\textrm{ and }\phi_2$$
$$
V_1+R_1I_1+N_1\frac{d\phi_{1}}{dt}-N_2\frac{d\phi_{2}}{dt}=0\\
N_2\frac{d\phi_{2}}{dt}+R_2I_2-N_2\frac{d\phi_{1}}{dt}=0
$$
4 unknowns. Now I set up a magnetic circuit
$$\textrm{Median length of core }= l\\
\textrm{Permeability of core }= \mu\\
\textrm{cross section of core }= A_x\\
\textrm{Reluctance of core }(R_c)=\frac{l}{\mu A_x}\\$$
$$N_1I_1=R_c\phi_1\\
N_2I_2=R_c\phi_2\\
\phi_1=\frac{N_1I_1}{R_c}\\
\phi_2=\frac{N_2I_2}{R_c}$$
I think I can just break the above 2 equations for the magnetic flux into 2 by superposition... Which gives 2 equations 4 unknowns:

$$
V_1+R_1I_1+N_1\frac{d}{dt}\frac{N_1I_1}{R_c}-N_2\frac{d}{dt}\frac{N_2I_2}{R_c}=0\\
N_2\frac{d}{dt}\frac{N_2I_2}{R_c}+R_2I_2-N_2\frac{d}{dt}\frac{N_1I_1}{R_c}=0
$$
or
$$
V_1+R_1I_1+\frac{N_1^2}{R_c}\frac{dI_1}{dt}-\frac{N_2^2}{R_c}\frac{dI_2}{dt}=0\\
\frac{N_2^2}{R_c}\frac{dI_2}{dt}+R_2I_2-\frac{N_2N_1}{R_c}\frac{dI_1}{dt}=0
$$

I think I am missing a step... because I think I1, I2 are dependent on each other somehow. What am I missing. Since this is not an ideal transformer, I don't think N1I1=N2I2.. so can someone tell me how I can relate them or what I did wrong please?
 
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At first the conventional voltage and current sense is different for supply circuit from supplied one.
The supply circuit -generator- the emf and the terminal voltage are in the same sense. In the supplied circuit the supplied voltage is opposite sense the current and the counter emf.
upload_2017-1-21_10-2-49.png

So, the first equation has to be-in my opinion:
v1=R1*i1+L1leakage*di1/dt+L1core*di1/dt-M*di2/dt
In your case M12=M21=M~=SQRT(L1core*L2core)
L2core*di2/dt-M*di1/dt+R2*i2+L2leakage*di2/dt=0
L1leakage exists since part of the flux generated by i1 flows in air not in the core. The same at secondary coil.
The magnetic flux in the core is considered constant. So if the secondary circuit is open- that
means i2=0- then the flux in the core will be Io*Np/Rc [Rc=reluctance].When reclosing the secondary circuit the core flux stays the same Np*i1/Rc+Ns*i2/Rc=Np*Io/Rc
There are a few ways to present the transformer magnetic circuits and the inductances in a transformer.
In electric power engineering the Steinmetz Equivalent Circuit is employed.
upload_2017-1-21_10-5-42.png


Never the less you need here to know Rp,R’s,Xp,X’s and Xm and Rfe [the linkage reactance and the equivalent resistance of the core losses] and Vp-of course.
 
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