Understanding NH3 & NH4+ Complex Ion Formations

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NH3 readily forms complex ions with transition elements due to its ability to act as a Lewis base, donating a lone pair of electrons to the metal center. In contrast, NH4+ does not form such complexes because it is a positively charged ion that lacks the necessary electron pair for donation. Transition metals have low-energy empty orbitals that can accommodate the electron pairs from NH3, facilitating complex formation. The preference of transition elements to release H+ ions rather than accept them further supports this behavior. Overall, the differences in electron donation capabilities between NH3 and NH4+ explain their contrasting interactions with transition metals.
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Homework Statement



Why does NH3 readily form complex ions with the transition elements but NH4+ does not?

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The Attempt at a Solution


Is it because the transition elements are much more receptive to reacting with a base than with an acid because in fact the transition elements would much prefer to give up an H+ rather than accept one.
 
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Draw the lewis structures for both of these (easy!) and you will see why. It is a little more complex than just acid/base.

Hint: Transition metals usually have empty orbitals of fairly low energy.
 
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