Unity power factor means that the total power factor of a circuit is equal to one, indicating that all the power supplied is being used effectively without any reactive power. To achieve this, the capacitive reactance must equal the inductive reactance in the circuit, which can be calculated using the formula for power factor. Understanding real power, reactive power, and apparent power is crucial, as they relate to how energy is consumed and stored in the circuit. The assignment likely requires calculating the necessary capacitance to balance the inductive loads, thus achieving unity power factor. This concept is essential for optimizing energy efficiency in electrical systems.