Weightlifting in the most extreme form will not do much for your cardiovascular system, but you will see an increase in bone density, tendon strength and a faster metabolism as you continue to train closer to your 1 rep max. However, you can train within the strength endurance regime (short rest periods, sets of 8-12, 60-75% 1RM), and get a cardiovascular benefit, with some increase in bone density and tendon strength. Generally, there are trade offs within weight lifting. If you are only concerned with getting up the most weight possible, then you will sacrifice all endurance training. If you want strength endurance, your 1 rep max won't be as high, but your muscles might be a bit bigger and youll see a cardiovascular benefit. I don't recommend training for a 1 rep max unless you are competing.
I have been squatting regularly for 2 years now, the doctor took an x ray and commented on my really high bone density. Doctor said that weightlifting will do that.