To pursue a career in theoretical or particle physics, a strong educational background in physics is essential. A Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in physics is typically the starting point, often complemented by a minor in mathematics. Advancing to a Master's degree is common, but many students opt to go directly from a B.S. to a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) or Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) in physics, as these higher degrees are generally required for expertise in the field. A Ph.D. is considered the standard qualification for experts in theoretical and particle physics, with the distinction between Ph.D. and D.Sc. largely dependent on the institution.