What Determines Transparency at the Quantum Level?

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The discussion explores the factors that determine whether light is transmitted, reflected, or refracted when interacting with materials. It highlights that the absorption and re-emission of photons depend on the phase relationship between the photon's wave and the material's properties. The complexity of interactions at the atomic and subatomic levels raises questions about whether particles can influence photon behavior based on their environment. The concept of opacity is linked to how out of phase a photon's wave is with the material, affecting energy absorption and re-emission. Overall, the conversation delves into the intricate mechanics of light-matter interactions, inviting further exploration of quantum effects.
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What determines if something is transparent versus being reflected or refracted? It's said that photons are absorbed and reemitted, but what determines the angle of re-emission? How does the photon know when to pass through, reflect, or refract?

The spherical nature of subatomic particles and atoms make it hard to imagine the mechanics that take place. Does a particle or atom know that it's part of something that's transparent, reflective, or refractive? And, if so, does it tell the photon what to do?

The question of opacity, I assume, is the degree that a photon's wave is out of phase with the material it interacts with. The more a photon's wave is out of phase, the more its energy is absorbs by the material, and the less energy there is available to reemit.

Anyway, it seems that some fairly complex interactions take place. I thought it would be an interesting thought experiment. Anyone want to take a whack at it? Please, no page referrals on angle formulas (macro effects). What are your thoughts about micro (maybe quantum) interactions? :rolleyes:
 
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So I know that electrons are fundamental, there's no 'material' that makes them up, it's like talking about a colour itself rather than a car or a flower. Now protons and neutrons and quarks and whatever other stuff is there fundamentally, I want someone to kind of teach me these, I have a lot of questions that books might not give the answer in the way I understand. Thanks
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