What is a second-order phase transition?

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SUMMARY

A second-order phase transition is characterized by a continuous change in the order parameter, which signifies a shift in the symmetry of the system without a latent heat. Unlike first-order transitions, second-order transitions do not involve a discontinuity in the first derivative of the free energy, such as volume or entropy. Examples include the transition of water to ice at the freezing point and the transition of ferromagnetic materials at the Curie point. Understanding these transitions is crucial in fields such as condensed matter physics and materials science.

PREREQUISITES
  • Basic knowledge of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics
  • Familiarity with phase diagrams and critical phenomena
  • Understanding of order parameters in phase transitions
  • Knowledge of examples of first-order and second-order transitions
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the concept of order parameters in detail
  • Study critical phenomena and scaling laws in phase transitions
  • Explore examples of second-order phase transitions in various materials
  • Learn about the Landau theory of phase transitions
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, materials scientists, and students studying condensed matter physics who seek to deepen their understanding of phase transitions and their implications in various physical systems.

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May someone please explain to me or define what a second-order phase transition is?

Thank you
 
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What about an order parameter?

Thank you
 

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