What is Mass Inflation? A 5 Minute Introduction

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Mass inflation refers to the phenomenon where the effective internal gravitational-mass parameter of a rotating black hole becomes unbounded due to the infinite blueshift of energy density at the Cauchy horizon. This effect occurs during gravitational collapse and is causally disconnected from external observers, meaning the external mass of the black hole remains finite. As a result, spacetime curvature can reach Planckian scales near the Cauchy horizon, leading to a breakdown of classical general relativity. Observers approaching this region would experience a significant portion of the black hole's history, just missing the last Planck time. Understanding mass inflation is crucial for comprehending the internal structure of black holes.
Greg Bernhardt
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Definition/Summary
Abstract from Poisson and Israel’s 1990 paper, ‘Internal structure of black holes’-
‘The gravitational effects associated with the radiative tail produced by a gravitational collapse with rotation are investigated. It is shown that the infinite blueshift of the tail’s energy density occurring at the Cauchy horizon of the resulting black hole causes classically unbounded inflation of the effective internal gravitational-mass parameter of the hole. Since this effect is causally disconnected from any external observer, the black-hole external mass remains bounded. The mass inflation phenomenon causes the spacetime curvature to grow to Planckian scales on a spacelike hypersurface in the vicinity of the Cauchy horizon, beyond which the classical laws of general relativity break down. A consequence is that an observer’s trip to this hypersurface embraces all but the last Planck time of the entire black-hole classical history.’
from ‘Structure of the Inner Singularity...

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