What is meant by "low frequencies"? (EM skin depth question)

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept of "low frequencies" in the context of electromagnetic skin depth in conductors. Participants explore the definition of "very low frequency" and its implications for skin depth calculations, particularly in relation to specific examples such as copper and microwaves.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the definition of "very low frequency" and seeks clarification on how low the frequency must be to be categorized as such, particularly in relation to skin depth calculations.
  • Another participant suggests comparing the frequency in question to the plasma frequency, implying that this could provide context for understanding what constitutes "very low frequency."
  • A different participant references the Wikipedia article on the skin effect, proposing that the skin depth formula may require an adjustment based on additional factors, though they caution to check the references for accuracy.
  • A follow-up comment reiterates the suggestion to compare the frequency to the plasma frequency, indicating a potential area of focus for further exploration.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on what constitutes "very low frequency," and multiple viewpoints regarding the definition and implications remain. The discussion includes suggestions for further comparison and exploration rather than definitive answers.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations regarding the assumptions made about frequency ranges and the dependence on specific definitions of terms like "very low frequency" and "plasma frequency." The mathematical steps involved in adjusting the skin depth formula are also not fully resolved.

cozycoz
I'm studying conductors, where complex wave number ##K=k+iα## and complex index of refraction ##N=n+iκ## is introduced. My textbook(Fowles Optics) says that for "very low frequencies", skin depth δ is equal to ##δ=\frac{1}{α}=\sqrt{\frac{λ_0}{cπσμ_0}}##.
What is "very low frequency"? How much low does the frequency need to be to be labled "very low"?
In an example, the author said that the skin depth of copper(##σ=5.8×10^7##mho/m) for 1mm microwaves is about ##10^{-4}##mm. 1mm wavelength is equal to about ##10^{12}## angular frequency. Is this "very low"? How can I determine?
 
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Compare it to the plasma frequency.
 
It's always worth a quick google. If the Wikipedia article on the skin effect is to be believed, the skin depth is your approximate formula multiplied by ##\sqrt {\sqrt {1+(\rho\omega\epsilon)^2}+\rho\omega \epsilon }##. Check the references, obviously, but the necessary approximation is obvious.
 
mfb said:
Compare it to the plasma frequency.
Thanks...!
 

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