The function you mention will never have an inverse.
For example, if f(x,y)=2+x, then f cannot have an inverse since f(0,0)=2=f(0,1). Thus (0,0) and (0,1) are both being sent to 2. But then the inverse needs to send 2 to both (0,0) and (0,1), but this is impossible for a function.
In general, your function is one f:\mathbb{R}^2\rightarrow \mathbb{R}, it can have no (continuous) inverse since otherwise the plane would be homeomorphic to the line. And this cannot be.
If you had a function f:\mathbb{R}^2\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^2 then you might have a continuous inverse. But even then this depends of the function f...
I'm reviewing Meirovitch's "Methods of Analytical Dynamics," and I don't understand the commutation of the derivative from r to dr:
$$
\mathbf{F} \cdot d\mathbf{r} = m \ddot{\mathbf{r}} \cdot d\mathbf{r} = m\mathbf{\dot{r}} \cdot d\mathbf{\dot{r}}
$$