The math homework challenge involves finding the function f(x) from the equation f(x-1/x+1) + f(-1/x) + f(1+x/1-x) = x. Initial attempts included substituting x with tan(x) and examining the polynomial structure of f(x), leading to a proposed solution of f(x) = 2x^4 + 3x^2 - (1/3)x - 3x^3. However, concerns were raised about the validity of this function since it is not defined for x = 1, -1, and 0, as specified in the problem. The discussion also briefly shifted to another mathematical proof involving arctangents, demonstrating a collaborative problem-solving approach among participants.