Which Element in Period 2 Has the Highest Density in Its Standard State?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around identifying which element in Period 2 of the periodic table has the highest density in its standard state. Participants explore the properties of various elements, considering their states at standard conditions.

Discussion Character

  • Homework-related
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and neon can be excluded from consideration as they are gases at standard state.
  • Another participant provides a list of densities for the elements in Period 2, noting the values for lithium, beryllium, boron, and carbon, while also including the gases.
  • One participant claims that boron is the densest element in its standard state but acknowledges the existence of diamond, a form of carbon, which has a higher density than boron but is not considered stable in standard conditions.
  • The distinction between diamond and graphite is noted, with a participant explaining that while diamond has a higher density, it is not the thermodynamically stable form of carbon.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

There is no consensus on which element has the highest density, as participants present differing views on the relevance of diamond and the stability of carbon forms. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the definitive answer.

Contextual Notes

Participants rely on the definitions of standard state and the stability of different allotropes, which may affect their conclusions. The discussion does not resolve the implications of these definitions on the density comparisons.

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Homework Statement


Which of the elements, from the second period, has the highest density in its standard state?


Homework Equations


Standard state is gas at 1 atm, concentration of 1 M for liquid, or pure substance at 25C and 1 atm.


The Attempt at a Solution


I thought that N, O, F, and Ne could be removed from possibilities because they are gases. Then I looked it up and found Boron had the largest density, but that was incorrect.
 
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What did you find for densities for all the solids in that period?
 
I found:
Li: .534 g/cm^3
Be: 1.85 g/cm^3
B: 2.34 g/cm^3
C: 2.267 g/cm^3
N: .00125 g/cm^3
O: .00149 g/cm^3
F: .001696 g/cm^3
Ne: .0008999 g/cm^3
 
I would say boron in the standard state is the densest.

There is a little catch here - diamond (which is a pure carbon) has much higher denisty, something like 3.5 g/mL. But diamonds are not thermodynamically stable - they convert to graphite. Conversion is so slow, that for all practical purposes diamonds are stable - but thermodynamically they are not. Thus they are not standard state of the carbon.
 

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