Why Does l Equal 1 in the Uniformly Magnetized Sphere Problem?

[Old Guy]

Homework Statement

Jackson Section 5.10, the uniformly magnetized sphere, I'm trying to fill in the steps from his first equation to Equation 5.104. I get the same potential except I am lacking the cos\theta term. My work shown below.

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution

$\begin{array}{l}<br /> \Phi _M = \frac{{M_0 a^2 }}{{4\pi }}\int {\frac{{\cos \theta &#039;}}{{\left| {\user1{x - x&#039;}} \right|}}d\Omega &#039;} \\ <br /> \Phi _M = \frac{{M_0 a^2 }}{2}\int {\frac{1}{{\left| {\user1{x - x&#039;}} \right|}}\cos \theta &#039;d\left( {\cos \theta &#039;} \right)} \\ <br /> \Phi _M = \frac{{M_0 a^2 }}{2}\int {\left[ {\sum\limits_{l = 0}^\infty {\frac{{r_ &lt; ^l }}{{r_ &gt; ^{l + 1} }}P_l \left( {\cos \theta } \right)} } \right]P_1 \left( {\cos \theta &#039;} \right)d\left( {\cos \theta &#039;} \right)} \\ <br /> \Phi _M = \frac{{M_0 a^2 }}{2}\int {\frac{{r_ &lt; ^{} }}{{r_ &gt; ^2 }}P_1 \left( {\cos \theta } \right)P_1 \left( {\cos \theta &#039;} \right)d\left( {\cos \theta &#039;} \right)} \\ <br /> \Phi _M = \frac{{M_0 a^2 }}{2}\frac{{r_ &lt; ^{} }}{{r_ &gt; ^2 }}\int {P_1 \left( {\cos \theta } \right)P_1 \left( {\cos \theta &#039;} \right)d\left( {\cos \theta &#039;} \right)} \\ <br /> \Phi _M = \frac{{M_0 a^2 }}{2}\frac{{r_ &lt; ^{} }}{{r_ &gt; ^2 }}\left( {\frac{2}{{2 + 1}}} \right) \\ <br /> \Phi _M = \frac{{M_0 a^2 }}{3}\frac{{r_ &lt; ^{} }}{{r_ &gt; ^2 }} \\ <br /> \end{array}$

 

[gabbagabbahey]

I see two things wrong with your solution:

(1) You seem to be claiming that

\frac{1}{|\textbf{x}-\textbf{x}&#039;|}=\sum\limits_{l = 0}^\infty {\frac{{r_ &lt; ^l }}{{r_ &gt; ^{l + 1} }}P_l \left( {\cos \theta } \right)}

but this is only true if \thetais defined to be the angle between \textbf{x} and \textbf{x}&#039;, not the polar angle of \textbf{x}

(2) You also seem to claim that P_l(\cos\theta) is orthogonal (under the weight function \sin\theta&#039; ) to P_{l&#039;}(\cos\theta&#039;), but this is only true if \theta=\theta&#039;

 

[Old Guy]

Thanks; I went through again but with the full spherical harmonics, and paid careful attention to the primed and unprimed values, and got it, but it raises a more general question I would appreciate some help on. I know that azimuthal symmetry allows me to automatically set m=0, and I understand why. I can also demonstrate that l must be 1 for this problem, but is there something (physically or mathmatically) that would allow me to know without further work that l can only =1?