Why does water have a leveling effect on acids and bases?

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The leveling effect of water occurs because it can only stabilize a certain concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) and hydronium ions (H3O+). Strong bases like NaOH or KOH, when dissolved in water, dissociate to produce OH- ions, which can increase the pH. However, if a stronger base than water, represented as A-, is introduced, it reacts with water to produce OH- and a weak acid (HA). In this reaction, water acts as a medium that limits the strength of the base, as the resulting HA has a minimal impact on pH. The process illustrates that while strong bases can elevate pH, their effects are moderated by water's inherent properties, leading to a leveling effect where the strongest bases behave similarly in aqueous solutions.
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can somebody explain to me the reason of leveling effect of water in details and numbers? thanks in advance.
 
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Such bases as NaOH, or KOH, which are stronger bases than water, will give OH- ions in water. Also, water itself dissociates to give small amounts of H3O+ and OH-. If a stronger base than H2O is dissolved in water, it will produce OH- and a weak acid.

Assume MA is a very soluble salt, and that A- is a stronger base than H2O.
H2O + M+ + A- -------> M+ + OH- + HA
The OH- is the base now, and HA is a weak acid, having much less effect on pH. Also, the HA might not ordinarily be thought of as an acid; the A- merely accepted a hydrogen ion as it formed a more neutral molecule.
 

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