Why is Sin the convention for the harmonic oscillator?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the convention of using the sine function in the solutions for the simple harmonic oscillator, represented as x(t) = A1Sin(wt) + A2Cos(wt). While both sine and cosine functions can be utilized interchangeably, the preference for sine is noted, although there is no strict rule enforcing this choice. The conversation highlights that the initial phase can be adjusted to favor either function, indicating that the convention is not rigidly defined. Furthermore, the relationship to the Taylor series approximations for sine and cosine is mentioned, but it does not dictate the choice of function.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of simple harmonic motion
  • Familiarity with trigonometric identities
  • Knowledge of Fourier transforms
  • Basic concepts of Taylor series approximations
NEXT STEPS
  • Explore the derivation of the simple harmonic oscillator equations
  • Study the implications of using sine versus cosine in Fourier analysis
  • Investigate the Taylor series expansions for sine and cosine functions
  • Learn about phase shifts in wave functions and their applications
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, engineers, and students studying wave mechanics or harmonic motion will benefit from this discussion, particularly those interested in the mathematical conventions used in oscillatory systems.

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In the course of solving the simple harmonic oscillator, one reaches a fork in the road.

x(t) = A1Sin(wt) + A2Cos(wt)

At this point, you exploit a trig identity and arrive at one of two solutions

x(t) = B1Sin(wt+phi1)
or
x(t) = B2Cos(wt+phi2)

Both of these are correct solutions and either one can be used to suit the particular problem. However, convention usually has us using Sin instead of Cos. Is there any particular reason for this? Is it to exploit the small angle / taylor series approximation?

Sin(x) ≈ x - (x^3)/6
Cos(x) ≈ 1 - (x^2)/2
 
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There is no convention about using sin rather than cosine.
The initial phase can be adjusted to use whichever of the two functions you like.
 
I thought the convention was to use cos since the cos terms are the real ones in the Fourier transform.

I guess that just goes to show that the convention isn't very strong at all.
 

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