In a conductor at equilibrium, the electric field is zero because free charges can move freely within the material. If an electric field were present, these charges would shift, creating regions of positive and negative charge until they reach a state where the net electric field is canceled out. This charge redistribution occurs until the internal electric field is neutralized by the field generated by the accumulated charges. As a result, charges accumulate on the surface of the conductor, ensuring that the electric field inside remains zero. This explains why the electric field in a conductor in equilibrium is zero.