How does a magnetic force affect the movement of charges and magnets?

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Magnetic forces do not perform work on freely moving charges because the Lorentz force is always perpendicular to their motion. However, in constrained systems like current loops or magnets, the motion of charges is not perfectly perpendicular to the Lorentz force, allowing for work to be done. This distinction clarifies how a current loop can rotate within a magnetic field and how magnets can attract or repel each other. The discussion references Griffiths' "Introduction to Electrodynamics" for further explanation of these concepts. Understanding this relationship is crucial for grasping the dynamics of magnetic fields and charged particles.
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If magnetic force does not exert work on moving charges, how could a current loop immersed in a magnetic field rotate and how could a magnet attract or repel another one?
 
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I think the key aspect here is that the magnetic field doesn't do work on *freely moving* charges. That is, at any given point in time, the force exerted on the charge is perfectly perpendicular to the motion (courtesy of the Lorentz force).
In a current loop, or in a magnet, the charges are constrained in their movement. That means, the Lorentz force and the charge's motion is no longer perfectly perpendicular, with the result of work being done.

Mind you, I'm only 95% sure on this. But it seems in line with this site's explanation:

http://van.physics.illinois.edu/QA/listing.php?id=17176
 
rumborak said:
I think the key aspect here is that the magnetic field doesn't do work on *freely moving* charges. That is, at any given point in time, the force exerted on the charge is perfectly perpendicular to the motion (courtesy of the Lorentz force).
In a current loop, or in a magnet, the charges are constrained in their movement. That means, the Lorentz force and the charge's motion is no longer perfectly perpendicular, with the result of work being done.

Mind you, I'm only 95% sure on this. But it seems in line with this site's explanation:

http://van.physics.illinois.edu/QA/listing.php?id=17176
The Lorentz force is always perpendicular to the motion of the charges. No escape from that. This particular problem where it looks like the magnetic force has done the work, is explained beautifully and in detail in Griffiths, "Introduction to Electrodynamics". As an analogy, Griffiths also points out a similar problem in elementary mechanics.
 
Well ... care to explain it in this thread? Just pointing to some textbook isn't really educational.
 
rumborak said:
Well ... care to explain it in this thread? Just pointing to some textbook isn't really educational.
@Chandra Prayaga is referring to this, which pretty much agrees with what you said in #2.

Screenshot_20170213-230126.png

Screenshot_20170213-230454.png

Screenshot_20170213-230255.png
 
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Thanks. Example 5.3 from Griffiths is indeed what I was referring to.
 
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