Would there be any way to avoid gravitational wave emissions?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the conditions under which gravitational waves are emitted by orbiting objects, specifically exploring whether certain symmetric orbital configurations can avoid gravitational wave emissions. The scope includes theoretical considerations of gravitational wave generation and examples of systems that may not emit such waves.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant states that any object orbiting another emits gravitational waves unless the system has a time-invariant and symmetric quadrupole moment, providing the example of four planets symmetrically arranged around a star.
  • Another participant reiterates that gravitational wave emission is driven by the third time derivative of the quadrupole moment, suggesting that systems where this derivative is zero will not emit gravitational waves.
  • A different participant acknowledges the role of higher order multipoles in gravitational wave emission, suggesting that while the third time derivative is significant, it may not completely eliminate emissions.
  • One participant emphasizes the need for examples of systems where the third time derivative of the quadrupole moment is zero, rather than leaving it to the reader to deduce.
  • A proposed example includes a spherically-symmetric ball of fluid that oscillates radially, which, according to Birkhoff's Theorem, would not emit gravitational radiation.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying views on the conditions for gravitational wave emission, with some agreeing on the significance of the quadrupole moment while others introduce the complexity of higher order multipoles. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the completeness of examples provided and the implications of different configurations.

Contextual Notes

There is an acknowledgment of the need for further examples and clarification on the conditions under which gravitational waves may or may not be emitted, indicating potential limitations in the current understanding of the topic.

Suekdccia
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TL;DR
Would there be any way to avoid gravitational waves emission in some orbital configurations?
In principle every object orbiting another (e.g. a planet revolving around a star) would emit gravitational waves, relaxing the orbit over time.However, this would not happen if the orbits had a time-invariant and symmetric quadrupole moment. As it is indicated in this question (), it appears that if the masses were perfectly symmetrically ordered around a star (e.g. 4 planets separated by 90º from each other orbiting the same star), then the system would not emit gravitational waves. Are there any other examples of orbits that would not emit gravitational waves?
 
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Suekdccia said:
Are there any other examples of orbits that would not emit gravitational waves?
Gravitational wave emission is driven by the third time derivative of the quadrupole moment. So any system for which that is zero will not emit gravitational waves.
 
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PeterDonis said:
driven by the third time derivative of the quadrupole moment
I believe that is the leading order, but I also believe that higher order multipoles exist, as they do in electromagnetism. So this would reduce but not eliminate the gravitational wave emission.
 
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PeterDonis said:
Gravitational wave emission is driven by the third time derivative of the quadrupole moment. So any system for which that is zero will not emit gravitational waves.
The natural follow up to that answer would be to describe some examples of systems for which this would be zero, rather than leaving the solution of the differential equation to the reader.
 
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ohwilleke said:
The natural follow up to that answer would be to describe some examples of systems for which this would be zero, rather than leaving the solution of the differential equation to the reader.
How about a spherically-symmetric ball of fluid that expands, contracts, or oscillates only in the radial direction, but with arbitrary time-dependence? No gravitational radiation is emitted by Birkhoff's Theorem.
 
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