What is Pressure: Definition and 1000 Discussions

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.
Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and U.S. customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.

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  1. M

    Fluid Mechanics problem: Oil pressure calculations in pipe flow

    Problem Statement: An oil with density 900 kg/m3 and viscosity 0.18 Ns/m2 flows through a circular pipe which inclines upwards at 40° to the horizontal. The length of the pipe is 10 m and the diameter is 6 cm. The fluid pressure at the lower end of the pipe is 350 kPa and the pressure at the...
  2. J

    I How Do You Calculate Initial Pressure and Final Volume in Adiabatic Expansion?

    I have a compressed pure gas at a specific temperature and volume. (T1, V1) It suddenly (adiabatically) expands until it's at ambient pressure and a specific temperature. (P2, T2). Given: T1, V1, T2, and P2, I want to find P1 and V2. There's a great example in wikipedia which is almost...
  3. J

    Understanding the physics behind an elastic sphere

    First off, I'm not a scientist or engineer and I apologize if I don't give a clear description of my question. I'm beginning a personal project and was hoping for some knowledge and assistance. What I'm trying to achieve is to have a spherical object (it will be at least twice as wide as it is...
  4. AttoBlaze

    If pressure decreases, does temperature then decrease?

    So, quick disclaimer: i am very young. only 12. i might also misspell some thing or not translate it correctly. i just like physics, so don't expect much. So, i was reading in my science textbook (as a hobby) and it asked to describe some examples, in which i should find out wether the work on...
  5. wasmaro

    How much mass is released to decrease the pressure

    My best estimate was to find the water height and assume it remains constant when venting the air. I know the initial weights of vapor and liquid ( I know the total mass of substance inside the vessel), so I find the new density of water and vapor and calculate the "new" mass and take the...
  6. mateusz24052

    Calculating the air pressure exerted on the body

    Good morning all, How do you calculate the air pressure exerted on an average human of 1.9m2 I know the air pressure is 1.01kPa. Do I do, F = PA? 1.01kPa x 1.9? What are the calculations step by step? and what is it in bars? Does that mean it is 1.919 bar? Thank you,
  7. wasmaro

    [Thermodynamics] How much mass is extracted to decrease pressure

    I have a feeling some integration will be required, I just want to see if anyone know of a quick way.
  8. Chandrakanth_balusa

    How does the pressure in a steam header react to a sudden load change?

    Hello People, I have querry regarding the pressure variation in the steam header in the steam power plant. if there is a sudden change in the load and the mass flow through the turbine has to be increased, i would like to know how it effects the pressure value? if yes how does this change...
  9. L

    I Optimal Copper Pipe Size for Misting System

    I am attaching a standard 5/8" garden hose with approximately 70psi pressure to a copper pipe that is capped on the opposite end with mist nozzles mounted periodically along its length. I want the pressure at each mister to be as similar as possible. The hose attaches at the base, a solid line...
  10. W

    Gas Law - increasing temperature with constant volume held

    I've set up a simple experiment to look at the ideal gas laws. My experiment is relatively simple in that I have a metal tube which is capped on one side. I am then pressurising the tube with air to 100 psi and locking it off. My thought is that as the pressure increased, with volume held...
  11. F

    How does high humidity affect suction pressure & discharge pressure?

    In Chapter 40 (titled Typical Operating Conditions) of my textbook Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Technology, the authors list several different objectives for readers at the beginning of the chapter. One of the stated objectives is for the reader to be able to describe how humidity affects...
  12. Roy S Ramirez

    Maximum Working Pressure in Steel/ Brass Fittings

    Hello everybody! I bought some fittings for a feed system I'm building, and I need to handle pressures between 150 and 200 psi. I noticed some of them have max working pressures of about 1000 or 3000 psi, but others have relatively lower ones (150 psi, see...
  13. pvorisek25

    Calculating pressure with U.S. customary units

    (Sorry for my bad English.) Hello, I am trying to understand U.S. customary units (don't ask why I am trying to do this) but when I was calculating pressure to lb/in2 I went into problem. I remember that p = F / S but when you have mass you have to multiply mass by gravitational acceleration...
  14. Andrea Vironda

    Modeling Hydraulic Brake Behavior

    Summary: Relation between deformed foil and friction force Good morning everyone, i have a small leaf or steel that is bent from one side by a Pressure of many bars. in front of the leaf there's a rotating disk, separated by the leaf by a small gap. this leaf, as it deforms, wins the gaps and...
  15. newsunxu

    What is the pressure change in this wash nozzle?

    I have one question about the many wash nozzles. The pump has 20 GPM @ 1000 PSI , the pipe size is 1" and connect 20 nozzles. So the 1/4" nozzle may be 1GPM @ 1000 PSI. But the nozzle standard show the 1GPM is about 10 PSI. and 1000psi need 10 GPM. Can anyone know how to calculate the nozzle...
  16. J

    Water pressure question involving pipe, flexible hose and a filter

    Summary: water pressure issues what happens when you take water from a 3/4 inch pipe copper to 1/2 inch flexible braided hose through a filter for a 3/4 pipe back through a flexible braided hose 1/2 inch tube to 3/4 inch copper pipe?
  17. G

    HVAC How to calculate pressure loss across a perforated and corrugated plate?

    The plate is in inclined position in a chamber where the air flows from bottom to top.
  18. theycallmevirgo

    Analog (mechanical) pressure gauge for a single cylinder filter

    https://www.flairespresso.com/product-page/flair-signature made a manual espresso machine and specify using 30 lb of pressure in the manual. In order to determine the correct pressure, they literally tell the user to push down on a kitchen scale. I'm considering a competing product, and that...
  19. S

    Pressure loss in a water pipe

    I know that water losses pressure as it move throw a pipe due to friction. Does that mean that if we have two elevated tanks separated by a great distance but connected throw a perfectly horizontal pipe ,and then we fill the first tank with water till it reaches a certain hight, then the hight...
  20. AbdullahS

    Pressure setpoints for a set of pumps (Affininity Laws)

    Hi Guys, The problem I am facing at the moment is to calculate the appropriate setpoint for a set of pumps supplying cold water to a building so that electricity and cost savings can be achieved. Here is the situation: There are three pumps connected in parallel. They are located on the ground...
  21. J

    Understanding the relationship between Pressure and change of state

    1. My book states that an increase in pressure on ice causes temporary melting. Could you explain the reasoning behind this/ the law that predicts this? 2. My book also states that if water is boiling in a flask and the outlet is blocked then temperature drops and boiling would stop unless more...
  22. A

    Understanding Pressure and Its Relationship to Force: A Simple Explanation

    Summary: Trying to understand pressure and it's relation to force Okay here is my dumb thought. A force is defined as an influence on an object, causing change in motion correct? Then how can pressure be a force on an area? Maybe I'm stuck on the word "on". But the way I'm reading the force...
  23. M

    Thickness of normal and tempered glass for aquarium

    Summary: Calculations of glass thickness for aquarium 140cm (length), 55cm (width) and 80cm (height). Scenarios for normal glass and tempered glass. Hi everyone ! I want to ask you for help to calculate how thick (minimum version and save version) should be a glass for aquarium with sizes...
  24. E

    Show that a tilted free liquid surface undergoes shear stress

    i really can't understand the answer of this question, is the question 1.3 in fluid mechanics by Frank ,M White For the triangular element in Fig P1.3, show that a tilted free liquid surface, in contact with an atmosphere at pressure pa, must undergo shear stress and hence begin to flow. i...
  25. Scargo

    Auto/Motor Where to best increase car engine oil pressure if intervention is needed?

    Subaru flat fours (a boxer engine design) are notorious for losing oil pressure under high lateral G's. The usual solution is using a dry sump. Dry sumps are expensive and complicated. They are, based on currently available remedies, unnecessary until you exceed 1.5 G's. I am at that threshold...
  26. Irene Jin

    Pressure of Inert Gas in kN/m^2: 167.82 | Well-Type Manometer

    A well-type mercury manometer has a well of 0.02m^2 area and a tube of 40mm^2 area. The liquid has a density of 13,534 kg/m^3.Given that the tube is open to the atmosphere and the well is connected to the inert gas manometer was to measure: Calculate the pressure of the inert gas in kN/m^2 if...
  27. C

    Decompression of dry air in relation to temperature

    I have a problem that i cannot solve despite my best efforts. I do realize not all information here is relevant, but i still included it so you could get the full picture. Imagining we have a cylinder that is filled with dry air (normal air without water vapor) that has a fixed volume of 8,5...
  28. D

    Rank the faces in order of decreasing water pressure

    I assumed that the same magnitude of force acts on all sides of the box. Since A had the smallest area, I ranked P(A) as having the largest pressure, followed by P(B) having the second largest and P(top) and P(bottom) having the same pressure at third largest each. However, the ranking I...
  29. Zeynaz

    A theory question about gasses and pressure

    I am struggling to answer questions about gasses. In this case the only way i can think of is, it has to do with the change in atmosphere right? because if we think about the formula P/T=P/T as the temperature decreases the pressure should increase. But in this case we have a smaller pressure...
  30. Q

    Bernoulli's Equation Pressure at Blockage

    Would it be because I'm comparing two different streams as opposed to two portions of the same stream?
  31. J

    Filling a long tube by submerging it in fluid

    Hi everyone, I'm working on a first-year college assingment and need some help with it. I need to figure out how deep does a tube, initially filled with air, need to be submerged into water in order get fully filled, meaning in order for the air to be fully displaced by water. The tube is 1/2...
  32. L

    Why do things produce sound even though no pressure is applied to them?

    I understand that sound is a propagating pressure through a medium. We produced pressure and it’ll propagate through the medium as “sound”. How can we use this model to understand everyday-life experiences like opening a chips packaging and the packaging makes a sound, and alike. In the chips...
  33. M

    Fluid pressure at an interface

    Suppose we have an incompressible, viscous sessile drop subject to a time-dependent pressure field ##p## on a substrate. Let ##\mu## be dynamic viscosity, ##u## be the fluid velocity field, ##\kappa_{1/2}## curvatures of the fluid surface, ##\sigma## surface tension, ##\hat n## normals to the...
  34. avishay

    How to convert pressure (Bar) to flow rate (L/min)?

    hii, I'm try to calculate the pressure (in bar) needed for a certain flow rate 3 L/min of Argon gas given the following setup: - I have a tank of Argon gas and the line pressure can be between 0 bar to 5 bar. - The gas will flow out to the open air in the end. - My pipe has an internal radius...
  35. T

    Pressure in a water heater - does it depend on size?

    Picture two water heaters - one 10 liters and the other 100 liters, initially filled with cold water. If both of them are heated to the same temperature, will a pressure meter display the same pressure for both tanks, or is the resulting pressure somehow dependent on the size of the tank?
  36. M

    How to calculate pressure for gas pipe?

    Hello all, Thank you for reading my topic. My client asked me to make calculation sheet for gas pipeline like the image below. Can someone help me to make this? (i'm new in this system, need to learn and study. So please help me) How to calculate the required pressure at connection point if...
  37. R

    Does pressure in a compressed air system increase....

    does pressure in a compressed air system increase when going from a 2" air line to a 1" air line.
  38. Plat

    Calculate the thickness of a plate to withstand a specified uniform pressure

    In exploring the feasibility of constructing a vacuum chamber, I am trying to calculate the thickness of rectangular polycarbonate sheet needed to withstand 100kPa of pressure, given dimensions of 30.5cm by 61cm (12 by 24 inches) and clamped edges. I have found some calculators that will tell...
  39. C

    How can we reduce the pressure in a pipe?

    Hello We have a pipe that receives water at a constant rate. This creates pressure in the pipe. Is there a way to reduce pressure downstream? Which equations describe the factors that affect pressure? Thanks!
  40. C

    Why is air in atmospheric pressure and room temperature a gas?

    This seems like a simple thermodynamics question but I would like clarification. So the absolute critical temperature is 132.5 K (-221.17 F) and the absolute critical pressure is 3.77Mpa (546.7 psi). I understand that for temperatures above the critical point, a pure substance undergoes an...
  41. E

    Pressure in Forces on Submerged Surfaces

    Why does the pressure we take into account is the gage pressure and not the absolute pressure? Reading Fundamentals of Momentum Heat and Mass transfer by Welty in chapter 2 it says "the magnitude of the force on the element dA is PgdA ,where Pg is the gage pressure" my question is why the gage...
  42. patric44

    Calculating the Length of a Water Column in a Beaker

    Homework Statement a Basin contains water , a beaker is put upside down to a depth of 3m inside it , if the volume of the beaker is 250 cm^3 . and its C.S area = 200 cm2 calculate the length of the water column which rises inside the baker , supposed that their is no air leakage from the...
  43. R

    Pump rotation to provide pressure or volume flow

    how much rotation needs to start volume flow for a adjustable variable pump?.I get it 5pi from the book. Is there any rule that it needs such rotation to start volume flow. From where I get it?I think that pump designer does not give the information on the manual.
  44. Sanborn Chase

    B Can the Proton's 10e35 Pascals Outward Force Be True?

    I recently read the proton has an outward force of 10e35 Pascals with an equal inward force containing it. Can this be true?
  45. P

    I Neutron vs electron degeneracy pressure

    How is neutron degeneracy pressure able to support a much higher density object such as a neutron star where electron degeneracy pressure only supports a comparatively less dense object such as a white dwarf. Conceptually I would think electron degeneracy pressure to be stronger due to the...
  46. C

    Calculate Pressure vessel Collapse Pressure

    Homework Statement I have a simple cylindrical pressure vessel with thickness 100m and inner radius 254mm,.the cylnder has flat head closed ends but these are thickness 30mm. I need to calculate the pressure that would cause the vessel to collapse given material properties E=207Gpa, poissons...
  47. P

    Pressure changes of a fluid flowing through a horizontal pipe

    If we have a tube of fluid going like it is shown in the picture, and we measure pressure at two points we would get the same value. But the fluid is still going from point A to point B. So is pressure difference not necessary for fluid flow or I made some other wrong assumptions?
  48. dlgoff

    Atmospheric pressure -- Record low in Kansas?

    Here's a print screen from my weather station's computer early this morning. I've never seen this low of atmospheric pressure here in Kansas before. Shortly after midnight the pressure hit a low of 28.08 InHg. :oldsurprised:
  49. M

    Pressure on a submerged object

    New member: Stem cell biologist by training, and many years since my last physics class. Imagine I take a water balloon and fill it completely with water. I then submerge the balloon in a beaker of water and place the glass inside a sealed chamber. What forces are applied to the water balloon...
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