What is Solid: Definition and 1000 Discussions

In object-oriented computer programming, SOLID is a mnemonic acronym for five design principles intended to make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable. The principles are a subset of many principles promoted by American software engineer and instructor Robert C. Martin, first introduced in his 2000 paper Design Principles and Design Patterns.The SOLID concepts are

The Single-responsibility principle: "There should never be more than one reason for a class to change." In other words, every class should have only one responsibility.
The Open–closed principle: "Software entities ... should be open for extension, but closed for modification."
The Liskov substitution principle: "Functions that use pointers or references to base classes must be able to use objects of derived classes without knowing it". See also design by contract.
The Interface segregation principle: "Many client-specific interfaces are better than one general-purpose interface."
The Dependency inversion principle: "Depend upon abstractions, [not] concretions."The SOLID acronym was introduced later, around 2004, by Michael Feathers.Although the SOLID principles apply to any object-oriented design, they can also form a core philosophy for methodologies such as agile development or adaptive software development.

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  1. H

    A How many bands does a solid have?

    Usually, we only talk about the band near Fermi surface, but we know that atom could have infinite levels, so, for a solid, does it have infinite levels too? So, if we only talk about the levels near Fermi surface, are the eigenwavefunctions complete?
  2. K

    Interpretation of electronic bands in a solid

    Homework Statement The exercise asks many questions about the following E(k) diagram, but I'm more interested in understanding some basic things about it, from which I'm sure i'll be able to find the answers I'm requested. 1) What do the bands actually correspond to? Is the lowest band...
  3. Suyash Singh

    Falling solid cylinder with string

    Homework Statement Homework Equations m:mass of solid cylinder T: tension in string w:angular velocity The Attempt at a Solution m(g-a)=T mg-ma=T a=v^2/r=w^2r now what?
  4. J

    How Can Crystal Symmetry Affect Conductivity Tensor Components?

    Hello guys! I have to solve a problem about crystal symmetry, but I am very lost, so I wonder if anyone could guide me. The problem is the following: Using semiclassical transport theory the conductivity tensor can be defined as: σ(k)=e^2·t·v_a(k)·v_b(k) Where e is the electron charge, t...
  5. V

    Acceleration of a uniform solid sphere rolling down incline

    Homework Statement Find the acceleration of a uniform solid sphere (of mass ##m## and radius ##R##) rolling without slipping down an incline at angle ##\alpha## using the Lagrangian method. Homework Equations Euler-Lagrange equation which says, $$\frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial...
  6. R

    Find volume of the solid

    Homework Statement Find volume of the solid that lies above the cone Φ = π/3 and below the sphere ρ = 4cosΦ Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Obviously this is a triple integral. My book tells me that 0 ≤ρ≤ 4cosΦ but this makes no sense to me. From the problem, it lies ABOVE the...
  7. Ron Burgundypants

    Modeling an Einstein solid that is coupled to a paramagnet

    I'm working on a project at university to calculate the magnetocaloric effect of dysprosium. This will be done using a new technique designed at the university of which its not necessary to go into detail about. In short, the Dy is placed in a solenoid, through which a current runs, the current...
  8. isukatphysics69

    Solid generated by revolving region, find the diameter of the hole

    Homework Statement A solid is generated by revolving region bounded by y=(1/2)x^2 and y=12 about the y axis. A hole centered along the axis of revolution is drilled through this solid so that 1/4 of the volume is removed. find the diameter of the hole. Homework Equations y=(1/12)x^2 y = 12...
  9. John mcgarvie

    Is it possible to transmit frequency of a solid object?

    Hello I'm asking if the resonate frequency of a solid object say a rock. Can be transmitted/guided to change the natural frequency of an object say a rock with a different frequency. And I hope this is a proper question.
  10. starstruck_

    Why can’t gas support a solid body?

    I was working at the observatory and uh someone came in with a question about landing in Jupiter- right away my brain was like no, it’s a gas giant and there’s too much pressure for a probe to make it to the solid surface, but I’ve also been trying to think of it in terms of the force applied by...
  11. V

    Electric Field of a solid sphere of non-uniform surface density

    A solid sphere has surface charge density, Rho (r) Rho(r) = k 1 ( 0 < r < a) k2 x ( a < r < R) 2) Find the electric field in all region i.e 1) r < a and 2) a < r < R and 3 ) R < The attempted solution and the question with the diagram is attached below Could the answer be verified...
  12. N

    Can water vapor go directly into a solid

    If water vapor is pulled inwards and cooled at a fast enough rate could if be frozen back into a solid form? i understand that they would have to be froze together as soon as contact is made but if this is possible what would the temperature have to be? And could this be the only thing that can...
  13. starstruck_

    Calculating voltage within and outside of a solid sphere

    Homework Statement A solid sphere with radius R=12 m has charge Q=3 nC distributed uniformly throughout its volume. (a) Calculate the potential difference between a location at infinity and a location on the sphere’s surface. (b) Calculate the potential difference between a location on the...
  14. G

    What is the Velocity of the Ball After Impact?

    Homework Statement Instead of using a ballistic pendulum, a bullet with velocity u is fired at a stationary solid ball resting on a surface. If the bullet deflects at an angle of 30◦ to its original path and the ball is nine times more massive than the bullet, what is the velocity of the ball...
  15. Pushoam

    Ratio of K. E. of solid cylinder to shell

    Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution total kinetic energy of a rigid body = rotational kinetic energy of the body around its center of mass + translational kinetic energy of center of mass For solid cylinder, total kinetic energy = ## \frac { [I = \frac 1 2...
  16. karush

    MHB M2215b.08 Find the volume of the solid (shell meithod)

    $\tiny{M2215b.08}$ Find the volume of the solid \begin{align*}\displaystyle y&=\sin (x^2)\\ 0&\le x \le \frac{\pi}{2}\\ \end{align*} about the y-axis ok this looks like a cylindrical Shell solution So I set it up like this,,,,, hopefully $\begin{align*}\displaystyle V&=\int_0^12\pi...
  17. Revengeance

    Given a mass, how much mass of this solid will dissolve in w

    Homework Statement If 0.025 g of Fe(OH)3 is added to 3.84 L of water, what mass will dissolve? Ksp is 2.8E-39. Homework Equations Ksp = [x][x] n= m/M The Attempt at a Solution I believe in this question that the starting mass is deemed irrelevant (although now i am starting to believe that is...
  18. starstruck_

    Kinetic energy of solid sphere that is rolling

    Homework Statement A solid sphere of mass m=2.5 kg is rolling at v=5.3 m/s. Calculate the transitional kinetic energy, rotational kinetic energy, and the ratio of the two (Rotational/ Transitional). Homework Equations [/B] Inertia of solid sphere = 2/5 mR^2 (where R is the radius and m is the...
  19. karush

    MHB 18 Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region about y-axis.

    $\textsf{Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region about y-axis.Given the boundares of }\\$ \begin{align*} \displaystyle y&=4x-x^2\\ y&=x\\ \end{align*} Ok, I presume since this is rotated around the y-axis that we have to rewrite the equations in terms of y $y=-(x^2-4x)$...
  20. Paul Colby

    B Is nuclear matter a solid or liquid?

    Managed to get through a Ph.D. in nuclear physics without covering nuclear matter calculations (or I just don't recall it). My question is does nuclear matter have any shear strength, or is it like an ideal gas? What little I see of elementary calculations it's like a fermi gas so one would...
  21. davidbenari

    Engineering Future of the solid state electronics industry

    I'm finishing my degree in Engineering Physics (really just physics). Without a doubt my favorite area of physics is solid state physics. While I love computational and theoretical work, I don't think making a career out of it is as easy as it is in the experimental or engineering side of it. So...
  22. karush

    MHB T6.1.1 Find the volume of the solid

    $\tiny{t6.1.1}$ $\text{The solid lies between planes perpendiaular to the}$ $\text{$x$-axis at $x=0$ and $x = 4$.}$ $\text{The cross-scctions perpendicular to the axis on the interval $0 \le x \le 4$}$ $\text{are squrares whose diagonals run for the parabola $\displaystyle f_a(x)=-\sqrt{x}$ to...
  23. M

    How to measure the distribution of weight across a solid object

    Hello, I have a tennis racquet that has a certain weight distribution that makes it play very well. Due to quality control issues from the manufacturer my second racquet of same make and model has a very different weight profile, making matching difficult. I'd like to determine the weight...
  24. W

    Pressure between a membrane and a solid body

    I would like to understand this a bit better, so I am looking for a reference to refer to and not necessarily an explanation in a reply. I have a non-porous membrane of a compressible material wrapped around a solid body. I then draw out the air between the membrane and the solid body. I want...
  25. Draconifors

    Finding center of mass of solid

    Homework Statement A solid B occupies the region of space above ##z=0## and between the spheres ##x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 16## and ##x^2+y^2+(z-1^2) = 1##. The density of B is equal to the distance from its base, which is ##z = 0##. The mass of the solid B is ##\frac{188\pi}{3}##. Find the...
  26. karush

    MHB What is the process for finding the centroid of a sliced solid cylinder?

    Find the centroid. Sliced Solid Cylinder bounded by $x^2+y^2=196$,$z=0$,$y+z=14$ so $r=14$ and $r\sin\theta +z=14$ so $z=14-\sin\theta$ $\displaystyle m=\iiint_\limits{D}{}^{} Rv = \int_{0}^{24} \int_{0}^{14} \int_{0}^{14-r\sin\theta}$...
  27. G

    Energy changes upon insertion of a solid dielectric in a capacitor

    Consider a simple circuit consisting of a battery and a parallel plate capacitor .During the process of charging of capacitors, we come to learn that half of the work done by the battery is stored in the form of potential energy and half of it is lost as heat or electromagnetic radiation...
  28. J

    I How to Prove the Solid Angle Formula for Vector Fields?

    Hello, I would like to ask you for hints to proof this: \int^4 pi \omega \omega \,d\omega =%fraction{4}{3} \pi where omega is vector. Do you have any hints for me? (Not seeing for solution, just hints).
  29. V

    I I , been a while -- density of a liquid, the density of a solid, and a height....

    It has been a long time since I have worked with this and I need help just starting out. The problem involves the density of a liquid, the density of a solid, and the height where the solid will be released in the liquid, gravitational force, and the time it takes to reach the top of the...
  30. karush

    MHB Compute The Volume Of The Solid

    Compute the volume of the solid bounded by the planes; $x=7, z=y-2, z=-2y-2, z=0, \mbox{ and } z=2$ Another source said the triple should be but Ii thought it should be $dx\,dy\,dz$ $$I = \displaystyle \int_0^7 \int_0^2 \int_{-\frac{z}{2} - 1}^{z+2} dy\,dz\,dx = 63$$ Hopefully this is the...
  31. Philosophaie

    Spin created due to an Elastic Collision of two solid balls

    In an Elastic Collision in free space with no gravity or friction of two solid balls of radius r1 and r2 I need to calculate the momentum and kinetic energy of the induced spin with angular velocity w1 and w2 to solve for the Conservation of Momentum and Kinetic Energy. Spin Angular Velocity w1...
  32. mertcan

    Large deformation in solid mechanics

    Hi initially I am aware that large deformation in solid mechanics requires non linear strain theory in the lieu of infinitesmall strain theory. But I wonder that if we can approximate large deformation of material using infinitesmall strain of small elements employing and summing linear strains...
  33. J

    Courses Calc III and Solid State Physics courses in same semester?

    Hi! So I just breezed through a summer Calc II course (took E&M and Modern Physics last semester) and will be approaching Solid State Physics and Calc III this coming semester together. I've taken my school's upper division Linear Algebra course and passed before last semester and continue to do...
  34. Arup Biswas

    Books for Solid State physics and spectroscopy?

    Actually those to subjects are in our syllabus now! Please suggest me some books which will be easy to understand and somewhere maintain my academic syllabus too !
  35. Quantum Velocity

    B Is there any state of matter colder than solid?

    I know that Quark-gluon plasma is the hotter state of matter that we know. Soo is solid the coldest state of matter ? If there is no so sorry for my stupid brain!
  36. A

    I Prove that solid angle of any closed surface is 4pi

    I googled a lot on proof of Gauss theorem and nearly every other proof (on web and so on books) state that solid angle of closed surface is 4pi but I can't find the proof of this nowhere ! I tried setting up the integral but don't know how to proceed furthur : Ω=∫(cosθ/r^2)*dA Also The one...
  37. A

    I Visualizing Solid Angle of a 3d Object (say a Sphere)

    Hello Everybody! Concept of Solid Angle was pretty much straight forward until they were on surface patches were taken into account which were visualized as base of cone. I am having difficult when 3d Objects like Sphere/Cylinder . We can very easily calculate the respective area and plugin the...
  38. M

    Solids with different sound velocity at diffrent tempratures

    i work on phononic crystals and i want to find solids with diffrent sound velocities and mass density in diffrent temprature i can just find BST but i need more matherials please help me my friends best regards
  39. S

    Solid sphere rolling down a house roof.... angular speed

    Homework Statement A solid sphere of radius 16cm and mass 10kg starts from rest and rolls without slipping a distance of 9m down a house roof that is inclined at 43 degrees. What is the angular speed about its center as it leaves the house roof? The height of the outside wall of the house is...
  40. R

    Solid State Good Solid State Physics book for Undergrads

    I need a book that explains the physics of pn-junction diodes. Really any reference that can help me characterize or model a diode slightly better than the ideal case.
  41. Marcus Nielsen

    Electric potential due to a solid sphere

    Hello Guys! This is my first post so bear with me. I am currently studying the basics of electrostatics using the textbook "Introduction to electrodynamics 3 edt. - David J. Griffiths". My problem comes when i try to solve problem 2.21. Find the potential V inside and outside a uniformly...
  42. L

    Volume of a Solid using Cylindrical Shells

    Homework Statement Find the volume of the region bounded by the curves y=3x-2, y=6-x, and the x-axis when the region is rotated around the y-axis. Homework Equations Volume using cylindrical shells: 2π∫r(x)h(x)dx The Attempt at a Solution I graphed the curves and then found the x-intercept...
  43. K

    B Does the plasma at the center of a star act like a solid?

    I was passing time by Googling the properties of the sun (temperature, mass, etc) and got to wondering what lies at the center of stars. I found out its plasma under roughly 340 billion atmospheres of pressure. I realize Boyles law may not be strictly meant for plasmas, but using it I...
  44. YURIIMkZERO

    Comsol Help -- How to Enable Rotating?

    Hi, I'm a newbie at Comsol and want ask for guide how to fill something with fluid and make sphere rotate. My goal in creating system where one sphere contains second. Second sphere rotates on its axis. Volume between is filled with fluid. I understand how to create spheres, but couldn't...
  45. P

    Dealing with Hollow and Solid shafts....

    When dealing with a bar (fixed on one end), if it is hollow for a certain length from the edge and then turns solid up until the fixed point, can the condition of static equilibrium be used to find the reaction torque, just like you would of a bar with 2 different diameters. (Assuming all this...
  46. H

    Thermal expansion of each dimension of a solid

    Hi, I am trying to work out how much each dimension of a solid (for instance an annular disc) made out of steel changes assuming that the solid is heated uniformly and is not constrained at any of its boundaries. Am I right in saying that, the linear expansion equation L = L_0 (1+ α ΔT) can be...
  47. Arisylia

    Deriving the moment of inertia of solid sphere

    So i was going through derivations of moments of inertia of objects. For objects like the disk and rod, i was able to assume a relationship between mass and volume and integrate From there like $$ \frac{d_m}{m} = \frac{dl}{l} \\ d_m = \frac{dl*m}{l} \\ \int_{0}^{L}r^2\frac{dl*m}{l} \\...
  48. J

    How to calculate heat dispersion through a solid copper rod?

    I'm trying to build a fanless computer case for a small electronic device. I'm trying to figure out what type of heat-sink material I should use. I have a solid copper rod about 3cm in length with a radius of .05cm. I've determined and calculated the density, specific heat, thermal...
  49. Y

    Buoyancy: 3 solid things have a different position in the water

    Homework Statement There is three things P, Q, R. The density of P is 2000 kg/m3, Q is 1000 kg/m3, R is 2500 kg/m3. If all of them are put into the water having density 1000 kg/m3, the correct position of the things are shown by following picture ... [PLAIN]http:// Homework Equations When ρ...
  50. R

    Calculating the moment of inertia of a solid sphere

    Homework Statement To calculate moment of inertia of a solid sphere of uniform density[/B]Homework Equations $$ I = \int r^2 dm$$ The attempt at a solution I consider an elemental disk of small thickness ##d\theta## ##dm = \frac{M}{4/3 \pi R^3}*\pi R^2\cos^2\theta* Rd\theta##...
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