What is Transform: Definition and 1000 Discussions
In mathematics, the Laplace transform, named after its inventor Pierre-Simon Laplace (), is an integral transform that converts a function of a real variable
t
{\displaystyle t}
(often time) to a function of a complex variable
s
{\displaystyle s}
(complex frequency). The transform has many applications in science and engineering because it is a tool for solving differential equations. In particular, it transforms linear differential equations into algebraic equations and convolution into multiplication.For suitable functions f, the Laplace transform is the integral
In thermodynamics we use a variation of the Legandere Legendre transform to move from one description of the system to another ( depending on what is the control variable...), but I don't understand why choose to use the Legandere Legendre transform over writing x in terms of s=dy/dx and back...
A tad embarrassed to ask, but I've been going in circles for a while! Maybe i'll rubber duck myself out of it.
If f(t) = f(t+T) then we can find the Fourier transform of f(t) through a sequence of delta functions located at the harmonics of the fundamental frequency modulated by the Fourier...
I am using a Tascam recorder to record an environmental nuisance noise that is occurring in my home. I then use Virtins Multi Instrument Software, which includes an oscilloscope, band pass filter, and a spectrum analyser.
Noise source is probably machinery at a legal marijuana grow op. That...
As the Heaviside function is a function of t - 4, that means all other terms must also be functions of t - 4. The sine function is, but the exponential isn't. However with a little manipulation, we get
$\displaystyle \begin{align*} f\left( t\right) &= \mathrm{H}\,\left( t - 4 \right) \,\sin{...
I am a little familiar with Fourier Analysis, but I don't know where to get tools to get the answer to this question:
Consider a discrete signal A[0..N-1], consisting of N samples. Suppose we Fourier transform it and get a series of harmonics.
Now, consider the discrete signal A[1..N], that is...
It's not entirely obvious what to do with this question, as the denominator does not easily factorise. However, if we realize that $\displaystyle \begin{align*} s^4 + 40\,000 = \left( s^2 \right) ^2 + 200^2 \end{align*}$ it's possible to do a sneaky completion of the square...
$\displaystyle...
Dear all,
In my quantum mechanics book it is stated that the Fourier transform of the Coulomb potential
$$\frac{e^2}{4\pi\epsilon_0 r}$$
results in
$$\frac{e^2}{\epsilon_0 q^2}$$
Where ##r## is the distance between the electrons and ##q## is the difference in wave vectors.
What confuses me...
Hello.
I am reviewing the use of the Laplace Transform to do circuit analysis and I am slightly confused about the transform of a constant voltage source.
For example, let's say we have a constant voltage source V1(t) applied to a circuit for a long time - let's say it reaches steady state. We...
I know the result:
\widehat{\mathscr{H}(f)}(k)=-i\sgn (k)\hat{f}(k)
I want to use this to compute the Hilbert transform. I have written code for Fourier transform,inverse Fourier transform and that the Hilbert transform. My code is the following:
function y=ft(x,f,k)
n=length(k); %See now long...
Suppose that a parameter y= 123.
That parameter is somehow "perturbed" and its instantaneous value is:
y(t)= 123 +
sin(t - 50°) * 9 +
sin(t * 3 + 10°) * 3 +
sin(t * 20 + 60°) * 4
Suppose that I don't know the above formula, but I can calculate y(t) for any t. Hence I decide to use the...
Homework Statement
Homework Equations
The equation describing the balance will be f(n+1)=f(n)+R/12*Dm-Cf
with f(n)=initial deposit
R=Annual Rate
Dm=Each mouth Deposit 150
Cf= each month fee
The Attempt at a Solution
Can someone shed some lights on it?
Thanks[/B]
Homework Statement
FIGURE 4(a) represents a system to measure acceleration (i.e. an accelerometer). It shows a piezoelectric crystal that is connected to an amplifier and display via a length of coaxial cable2.A piezoelectric current is produced when the crystal is distorted by an applied...
I think this is probably a very basic question: why does the Fourier transform of a wavefunction describing position probabilities gives us a function describing momentum probabilities ?
Is there a fairly simple explanation for this ? What leads us to this relation ?
Hi guys, I have been trying to solve the Helmholtz equation with no luck at all; I'm following the procedure found in "Engineering Optics with MATLAB" by Poon and Kim, it goes something like this:
Homework Statement
Homework Equations
Let's start with Helmholtz eq. for the complex amplitude ##...
Hello everyone.
I'm trying to better understand structured illumination microscopy and in the literature, I keep coming across bits of text like this.
Source: http://www.optics.rochester.edu/workgroups/fienup/PUBLICATIONS/SAS_JOSAA09_PhShiftEstSupRes.pdf
From Fourier analysis, if I take the...
Hi members,
Laplace transform using differential equations.(see attached PDF file)
My question d/ds(s^2 y- s Y(0)-Y'(0).)...
Y(t)=sin(sqrt(t)) Y(o)=0
Now Y'= cos(sqrt(t)/2sqrt(t) Y'(0)=infinity
d/ds (Y'(0)=?? can it be treated as a constant or can we change limit and differentiation??I...
Homework Statement
find the laplace transform of (e^-s) / [ (s)(s-3) ]
since there's (e^-s) which can be found in L { f(t-a) H(t-a) } = (e^-(as)) F(s) , so , i found a = 1 , then i found F(s) = 1/ [ (s)(s-3) ] , formula :
i have attached the working below , is it correct ? btw , the...
In an image processing paper, it was explained that a 2D Gabor filter is constructed in the Fourier domain using the following formula:
$$ H(u,v)=H_R(u,v) + i \cdot H_I(u,v)$$
where HR(u,v) and HI(u,v) are the real and imaginary components, respectively. It also mentions that the real and...
Mod note: Moved from a Homework section
can i use the Laplace transform to solve a nonhomogeneous equation if
i have these Initial condition s(x) and s(-x)
I'm trying to find the distribution of a random variable ##T## supported on ##[t_1, t_2]## subject to ## \mathbb{E}[V(t', T)] = K, \forall t' \in [t_1, t_2]##. In integral form, this is : $$ \int_{t_1}^{t_2} V(t', t).f(t) \, dt = K,\forall t' \in [t_1, t_2], $$ which is just an exotic integral...
Homework Statement
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
First write ##\phi(x,t)## as its transform
##\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \! e^{ipx} \widetilde{\phi}(p,t) \, \mathrm{d}p##
which I then plug into the PDE in the question to get...
Homework Statement
Using:
\mathcal{L}\big\{t^n\big\}=\frac{n!}{s^{n+1}}\text{for all s>0}
Give a formula for the Laplace transform of an arbitrary nth degree polynomial
p(t)=a_0+a_1t^1+a_2t^2+...+a_nt^n
Homework Equations
\mathcal{L}=\lim_{b\rightarrow\infty}\int_{0}^{b}p(t)e^{-st}dt
The...
Homework Statement
Given that r(t) = L^-1 (Inverse laplace) *H(S) and by making the link between the time-domain and frequency-domain responses of a network, explain in detail why the ideal “brick-wall” lowpass filter is not realisable in practice. [/B]Homework EquationsThe Attempt at...
Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
So we want sine in terms of the exponentials when we take the Fourier transform F(k)=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f(x)e^{-ikx}dx where f(x)=\sin(3\pi x/L). Let a=3pi/L. Then \sin(ax)=\frac{e^{iax}-e^{-iax}}{2i}.
(Is this correct?)
Then we...
Hi there,
I've recently been doing some studying into time-frequency analysis. I've covered some of the basic materials regarding the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) along with the concepts of temporal and frequency resolution (along with the uncertainty principle of course).
I've now...
Homework Statement
Given the Laplace transform
$$F_L(s) = \frac{1}{(s+2)(s^2+4)},$$
by using the complex inversion formula compute the inverse Laplace transform, ##f(t),## for the following regions of convergence:
(i) ##Re(s)<-2;##
(ii) ##-2<Re(s)<0;##
(iii) ##Re(s)>0.##
Homework Equations...
Homework Statement
Show that the Hilbert transform of ##\frac{\sin(at)}{at}## is given by
$$\frac{\sin^2(at/2)}{at/2}.$$
Homework Equations
The analytic signal of a function is given by ##f_a(t) = 2 \int^\infty_0 F(\nu) \exp(j2 \pi \nu t) \ d\nu,## where ##F(\nu)## is the Fourier transform...
Homework Statement
Im trying to understand the Legendre transform from Lagrange to Hamiltonian but I don't get it. This pdf was good but when compared to wolfram alphas example they're slightly different even when accounting for variables. I think one of them is wrong. I trust wolfram over the...
In lectures, I have learned that F(k)= \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-ikx}f(x)dx where F(k) is the Fourier transform of f(x) and the inverse Fourier transform is f(x)= \frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{ikx}f(k)dk .
But on the same chapter in the lecture notes, there is an example solving...
Homework Statement
For a real, band-limited function ##m(t)## and ##\nu_v > \nu_m,## show that the Hilbert transform of
$$h(t) = m(t) cos(2\pi \nu_c t)$$
is
$$\hat{h}(t) = m(t) sin(2 \pi \nu_c t),$$
and therefore the envelope of ##h(t)## is ##|m(t)|.##
Homework Equations
Analytic signal...
The FT decomposes images into its individual frequency components
In its absolute crudest form, would the sum of these two images (R) give the L image?
Suppose a PDE for a function of that depends on position, ##\mathbf{x}## and time, ##t##, for example the wave equation $$\nabla^{2}u(\mathbf{x},t)=\frac{1}{v^{2}}\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}u(\mathbf{x},t)$$ If I wanted to solve such an equation via a Fourier transform, can I Fourier...
Evening All
I have had a go at a laplace transform and got stuck.
$$\frac{d^2v}{dt^2}+\frac R L \d v t+\frac 1{LC}v=\frac 1{LC}V_0$$
$$R=12 \Omega, L=0.16H, C=10^{-4}F, V_0=6V, v(0)=0, v'(0)=0$$
so subbing these in i get
$$\mathscr L \left[ \frac {d^2v}{dt^2}+75\d v t+62500 v...
Quote: "The Fourier transform is a generalization of the complexFourier series in the limit as http://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/equations/FourierTransform/Inline1.gif. Replace the discrete http://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/equations/FourierTransform/Inline2.gif with the continuous while...
Fourier Transform of Piecewise linear spline wavelet is defined by 1-|t|, 0<t<1; 0, otherwise, is (sinc(w/2))^2. Can anyone please show me the steps. Thanks
Homework Statement
a(x)=f-Nd(x) + f-(N-1)d(x) +...+ f(N-1)d(x) + fNdHomework Equations
fd(x) = (1/a for |x-d| < a and 0 otherwise)
Fourier transform of function g(x) is g~(p) = 1/root(2pi) ∫ dx e-ipx g(x)
The Attempt at a Solution
[/B]
I have found the general Fourier transform for the...
Hi, I have a FORTRAN code with an array called Chi that I want to run an inverse FT on. I have defined two spaces X and K which each consist of 3 vectors running across my physical verse and inverse space.
My code (If it works??) is extremely slow and inefficient (see below). What is the best...
Homework Statement
For a periodic sawtooth function ##f_p (t) = t## of period ##T## defined over the interval ##[0, T]##, calculate the Fourier transform of a function made up of only a single period of ##f_p (t),## i.e.
$$f(t)=\left\{\begin{matrix}f_p (t) \ \ 0<t<T\\0 \ \ elsewhere...
This question is a little basic but.. how are signals stored in a Fourier Transform function f(t)?
In my PDE class we were always given a base function to put in terms of sin and cos. But when taking a bunch of samples, all I end up with is a table/array over some time T. How might I use this...
Homework Statement
A process can be represented by the first order equation
(4δy(t)/δt) + y(t) = 3u(t)
Assume the initial state is steady (y = 0 at t = –0).
(a) Determine the transfer function of this process in the s domain.
(b) If the input is a ramp change in u(t) = 4t, determine the...
Homework Statement
Find the Fourier transform of H(x-a)e^{-bx}, where H(x) is the Heaviside function.
Homework Equations
\mathcal{F}[f(t)]=\frac{1}{2 \pi} \int_{- \infty}^{\infty} f(t) \cdot e^{-i \omega t} dt
Convolution theory equations that might be relevant:
\mathcal{F}[f(t) \cdot...
I have a function f(x,y) which i have defined in this way:
a vector x and a vector y
meshgrid[x,y]
z= f(meshgrid[x,y]).
how do i do a 2-d Fourier transform of f(x,y)?
the transform must be done without using operations like fft, and must be done using summations written in the code.
I have a function of 2 variables [f(x,y)] where if there was an ellipse in the x-y plane, all values of the function are 1 inside the ellipse and 0 outside. I can plot this function as a surface in 3d where it looks like an elevated ellipse hovering over an elliptical hole in a sheet.
My...
Hello! (Wave)
I want to calculate the Fourier transform of $g(x)=|x|$.
I got so far that $\hat{g}(\omega)=2 \left[ \frac{x \sin{(x \omega)}}{\omega}\right]_{x=0}^{+\infty}-2 \int_0^{+\infty} \frac{\sin{(x \omega)}}{\omega} dx$
Is it right so far?
How can we calculate $\lim_{x \to +\infty}...
Homework Statement
A certain function ##v(x)## has Fourier transform ##V(\nu)##. The plot of the function is shown in the figure attached below.
For each of these functions give their Fourier transform in terms of ##V(\nu)##. And also state if the FT is Hermitian/anti-Hermitian, even/odd...
Homework Statement
So well, in class we were shown this equation for the Fourier transform:
http://puu.sh/nHsWo/042d1d01ba.png
First equation turns a function of time into frequency(notice there's no - in the exponent of e)
Second one does the opposite(notice there is a - in the exponent of...