- #1
Ranku
- 410
- 18
- TL;DR Summary
- Relation between equation of state and density parameter.
Does ##w## = -1 by itself imply that spacetime is flat, or is it only due to ##\Omega##Matter + ##\Omega##Λ = 1 ?
Last edited:
Ranku said:spacetime is flat
It doesn't imply that space is flat. But a universe which has ##w = -1## will, over time, become more and more spatially flat (as PeterDonis notes, the space-time is still curved regardless).Ranku said:Summary: Relation between equation of state and density parameter.
Does ##w## = -1 by itself imply that spacetime is flat, or is it only due to ##\Omega##Matter + ##\Omega##Λ = 1 ?
I am trying to understand the relation between spatial flatness as in ##w## = -1, and spacetime flatness as in ##\Omega##Matter + ##\Omega##Λ = 1.kimbyd said:It doesn't imply that space is flat. But a universe which has ##w = -1## will, over time, become more and more spatially flat (as PeterDonis notes, the space-time is still curved regardless).
This arises due to the fact that the effect of the curvature scales as ##1/a^2##. In the presence of a cosmological constant which does not change with the expansion, the impact of the curvature will eventually dilute away to nothing. This is the source of the claim that inflation predicts a nearly-flat universe: inflation has an early expansion phase with ##w \approx -1## that drives the early universe to flatness.
No, these are unrelated.Ranku said:I am trying to understand the relation between spatial flatness as in ##w## = -1, and spacetime flatness as in ##\Omega##Matter + ##\Omega##Λ = 1.
I am reading in 'Oxford Companion to Cosmology' about the cosmological constant: "The inflationary cosmology predicted a flat universe, while observations indicated that the density of matter, including dark matter, fell well short of the critical density needed to achieve this. The cosmological constant was able to plug this gap." So, isn't a correlation being made between ##w## = -1 and ##\Omega##Matter + ##\Omega##Λ = 1?
So to be consistent with ##k## = 0, we need the cosmological constant, whose equation of state is ##w## = -1, and which also participates in ##\Omega##Matter + ##\Omega##Λ = 1. Isn't that like a chain of correlations?kimbyd said:But it has nothing to do with why the universe is spatially flat in the first place: that's down to the behavior of the early universe.
To be consistent with ##k=0##, we need something. The cosmological constant is the simplest possibility (it's just a constant), and it fits the data. But it's still technically possible for something other than the cosmological constant to be the culprit.Ranku said:So to be consistent with ##k## = 0, we need the cosmological constant, whose equation of state is ##w## = -1, and which also participates in ##\Omega##Matter + ##\Omega##Λ = 1. Isn't that like a chain of correlations?
An equation of state is a mathematical relationship that describes the behavior of a physical system, such as a gas or liquid, under different conditions of temperature, pressure, and volume.
The equation of state is used to calculate the density of a system, which is then compared to the critical density of the universe to determine the density parameter. This parameter is a measure of the overall density of the universe and can help determine its fate.
The critical density of the universe is the amount of matter and energy needed for the universe to eventually stop expanding and reach a stable state. It is currently estimated to be about 5 x 10^-30 grams per cubic centimeter.
The density parameter plays a crucial role in determining the fate of the universe. If the density parameter is greater than 1, the universe will eventually collapse in a "Big Crunch." If it is less than 1, the universe will continue to expand indefinitely. A density parameter of exactly 1 would result in a flat, infinite universe.
Yes, the equation of state and density parameter can be applied to various physical systems, such as stars, galaxies, and even black holes. They can provide valuable insights into the behavior and evolution of these systems.