To construct a heating element powered by 9V that reaches 400°C or 1000°C, it's crucial to determine the wire length, diameter, and number of turns for maximum efficiency. Standard tables can provide temperature outputs based on wire resistance and current, but achieving high temperatures may require more power than a 9V battery can supply. The discussion emphasizes the importance of specifying whether the target temperature is for the heating element or the object being processed. Calculating the desired wattage and considering thermal insulation effectiveness are essential steps in the design process. Alternative heating methods, such as carbon arcs or induction heating, may be more suitable for achieving high temperatures efficiently.