Relative motion refers to the velocity of one object in relation to another. In one dimension, to determine the relative velocity, subtract the velocity of one object from the other. For example, if object A moves at -5 m/s and object B at 5 m/s, the relative velocity of A from B is -10 m/s, while the relative velocity of B from A is 10 m/s. This concept can be similarly applied in two dimensions using vector subtraction. Understanding relative motion is crucial for analyzing the movement of objects in different frames of reference.