Fluid Definition and 1000 Threads

How do I calculate the density of a supercritical fluid? If I have 100 Litres of Xenon at 23°C and 150bar, What will the Xenon in the tank weigh? The phase diagram is here https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/xenon

Pardon if the answers to my questions are obvious, because as usual I am trying to decipher everything on my own (as the material has not been taught to us quite well; then again it's graduate school). I just need someone to reassure me that I am understanding this correctly. Say for example I...

Hello all I was hooping someone could help shed some light on the following:- I have the equation shown below: This equation relates to flow rates of fluids. I know:- Q = flow rate A1 & A2 = Area Delta h = Difference in Head Loss g = Gravity But what does C relate to or even mean? Can...

I am quite familiar with the Ergun equation's formulation. My question is, do I need to subtract the potential term ΔP/Δz = -ρg/gc after the Ergun equation's own ΔP/Δz , assuming that the fluid is to be pumped upward, from the bottom of the bed to the top of the bed? I was thinking it should be...

Question 1 Consider a sample at a height ##ℎ## below the interface of air and the fluid. The pressure on the sample is given by ##𝑃_𝑎=𝑃_{𝑎𝑡𝑚}+𝜌𝑔ℎ##. My question is does 𝑃𝑎 include the pressure due to the particles that are to the side of the sample? Question 2 Now consider this setup. In this...

we have a project to how knowing the flow rate of fluid at the burst leakage due over pressured, probably to make it easier to understand i will attach some pictures of this mechanism. Picture at above is simply mechanism of pipeline system that installed vertically, with fluid is mud and...

My approach was that I consider the pressure of cross section A first Pa= P + dgh Now by writting Bernoulli's Equation between the cross-section A and the opening : $$ Pa + 2dgh + 2dV^2/2 = Pb + 2dV'^2/2$$ Where Pb is the pressure of the opening which is equal to the atmospheric pressure...

Almost 90% of all humanity lives in the Northern hemisphere. Due to colonization, expansion, growth, war, water sources, etc. we have amassed our populations in specific areas around the Northern hemisphere. We continue to build at an unprecedented rate. Our buildings are growing wider, taller...

NO TEMPLATE, MISPLACED HOMEWORK Summary: What are the values of constants in power-law fluid relation when the fluid behaves as an ideal fluid, a Newtonian fluid and a non-Newtonian fluid? τ = A(du/dy)^n +B Where A, B and n are constants that depend upon the type of fluid and conditions...

Hi PF! Suppose a 2D rectangular channel with wall-normal perpendicular to the downward gravity force ##F## rests is static equilibrium. What shape would the liquid take? Looking at the equations of motion, I think the following would have to be satisfied: $$\frac{d P}{dy} = -\rho F\\ \Delta P...

I'm trying to determine the force needed for one object to displace another object underwater. Specifically, Object A strikes Object B hard enough to jettison it from the seafloor up to sea level/land, let's say the Pacific coastline. I have a timeframe in mind, density & mass of the two...

Homework Statement: how far from the mercury surface must a horizontal line be drawn in a 2 meter square gate whose one side is at the fluid surface so that the hydrostatic forces in the two newly formed surfaces are equal Homework Equations: 1) F = yAh where y= specific weight A is the cross...

Summary: Pipe Testing I need some help on how to calculate PSI loss to gallons per hour? We will be testing this 8" PVC line at 150 PSI for 4 hours. If the test gauge drops 10 PSI per hour, what is the formula to determine the gallons per hour lost? Thank you for your help.

Look at the above figure. An overhead view of a car passing a truck on a highway. Air passing between the vehicles flows in a narrower channel and must increase its speed. As the speed of air in that narrow channel increases, the pressure reduces (between the two vehicles). What is the reason...

Suppose, there is a convergent-divergent nozzle where the inlet and the outlet both has 5 sq cm area while the throat has 1 sq cm area. A pressurised compressible fluid at 5 barA pressure having velocity 10 m/s entered the c/d nozzle. The back pressure i.e. the pressure at the outlet is 1 barA...

The first part of the problem I just used Stevin's law: $$p_{atm}=P+ρg(h_1-h_2)=> h_2=(P-p_{atm}+ρgh_1)/(ρg) =>h_2=0.94m$$ Is this right? I considered ##ρ=10^3 {kg/m^3}## About the second part... how can I be sure that ##h_1## remains unchanged? If it is unchanged, then can I use Bernoulli's...

What's really the difference between pressure and normal stress? Also I know pressure acts normal to a surface from the outside Do normal stress acts from inside? I'm reading bird transport phenomena and this is confusing

This is a problem from a past exam. For point a) the balance between force should be given by the following equation $$M*g+p_0*A=ρ*g*(A*d)+p*A$$ But I still have two unknown values... I know that pressure outside the tube at depth d is $$p(d)=p_0+ρ*g*d$$ and this has to be equal to the...

Anhydrous Ammonia liquid compressed to 20 Bar, heated from -33 C to 22 C, flow rate 2 tonnes per second, evaporated in boiler at 22C what could power extracted from turbine be? (outlet 1 Bar pressure)

Hi PF! I'm simulating two fluids, air (blue) and water (red), in a 2D rectangular channel. See picture below: I've turned gravity and viscosity off, and have ##\rho_w=1000## kg/m^3 and ##\rho_a = 0.01## since it cannot be zero. I've also enforced a static contact angle of ##\theta = 71^\circ##...

Because of temperature, molecules of fluid have chaos movements.So I do not understand why in steady flow,the molecules of fluid can not move through the wall of flow tube?I think two layers of fluid exchange molecules while they move.How do we understand when saying: fluid can not move through...

Hi PF! Fluid lies in a 2D rectangular channel and oscillates from a disturbance. I have several .csv files, each corresponding to a moment in time, where within each are two lists of numbers: the ##x## and ##y## position of a fluid interface. I'd like to decompose the interface into it's...

Hi just saw the accidental discovery of fluid that will keep its charge-polarity...how can this be used?

Problem Statement: There is no precise problem statement since it's an homework to be done independently, but I will try my best to explain it concisely (I also apologize for my mistakes in English) : I want to reproduce the simulation of the model presented in the pdf file attached to this...

There are many fluid dynamics applications such as pipe flows, jet flows, boundary layers where we ignore any sound waves present in the system. I don't understand this though, because all sound waves are caused by pressure disturbances so why can we ignore these pressure disturbances when we...

Problem Statement: An oil with density 900 kg/m3 and viscosity 0.18 Ns/m2 flows through a circular pipe which inclines upwards at 40° to the horizontal. The length of the pipe is 10 m and the diameter is 6 cm. The fluid pressure at the lower end of the pipe is 350 kPa and the pressure at the...

I have a rainwater collection system in Austin, TX, where we have to pump water to our main 30,000 gallon tank. The system works great. My question is, our 3 HP pump pumps about 85 gallons per minute. The length of the 2"pump line is about 300 ft, elevation change is about 50 feet higher...

Hello, I want to size my system to be able to get rid of fluids without any head buildup within the container. I am just a bit confused as to what formula I should use. My problem is summed up in the following schematic. Note that P1>P2, I have assumed H=10^(-4)m and my flow rate is 0.1 m3/s...

I am attaching a standard 5/8" garden hose with approximately 70psi pressure to a copper pipe that is capped on the opposite end with mist nozzles mounted periodically along its length. I want the pressure at each mister to be as similar as possible. The hose attaches at the base, a solid line...

So when the velocity of v1 and v2 is 0 (because the tanks are much bigger), the bernoulli equation to dh is dh = (dp-dpl)/(rho*g) with dp = Phyd / V = 1000W / 0.01m³/s = 10^5 Pa and rho = 1000 kg/m³ So I am getting first without the pressure loss on the orifice dh = 10^5 Pa / (1000 kg/m³ *...

Similarly the paper by @buchert and @ehlers https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9510056 Here the author has defined ##v_{ij}=\frac{\partial v_i}{\partial x_j}=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{\partial v_i}{\partial x_j}+\frac{\partial v_j}{\partial x_i})+\frac{1}{2}((\frac{\partial v_i}{\partial...

In a I used FBouyancy - FBalloon -F mass = 0 rewrote mass as a product of density and volume to obtain; m= v(densityair - densityHe) m= 1031.5kg.I am stuck in part b. I have this formula called Barometric formula which ı should use; P = P0 * e((-P0*g*h)/ P0 So what I understood is that...

So if we define point 1 at the entrance and point 2 at the exit, then we can write out Bernoulli's equation along a horizontal streamline as such: p_1 + \frac{1}{2}\rho v_{1}^2 = p_2 + \frac{1}{2}\rho v_{2}^2 = p_{atm} One question is: won't there be p_atm also contributing to the static...

For this question, this is my working. The main issue is I cannot figure out where the factor of \frac{1}{2} comes from. So I consider a control volume right around the propeller (in the frame of reference of the propeller) and I apply R(-->) Force = Change in Momentum Flux F = \dot{m_{o}}...

Hi everyone, I'm working on a first-year college assingment and need some help with it. I need to figure out how deep does a tube, initially filled with air, need to be submerged into water in order get fully filled, meaning in order for the air to be fully displaced by water. The tube is 1/2...

I am not really worried about the numbers, but more about the simple concepts with head loss in these pipe flow questions. I want to confirm that head loss just means the change in static head, right? I have been advised that for a problem like this, it is nothing more than the conservation of...

Some thoughts that I've had on the question are saying the volume flow rate (##Q##) in, must equal the volume flow rate out. If that's the case, then: ##Q_{in} = Q_{out}## ##A_1V_1=A_2V_2## But... no areas have been given. And height doesn't enter this equation at all. Then I thought it...

I understand that ##\dot m=\rho Q## and ##{\dot m}_{in}= {\dot m}_{out}## . So one can say that ##\rho Q_1 = \rho Q_2##. But I'm not sure if that equation is correct. I don't know if the density remains constant, or the volume flow rate. And then how I'm also supposed to tie a state equation in...

Suppose we have an incompressible, viscous sessile drop subject to a time-dependent pressure field ##p## on a substrate. Let ##\mu## be dynamic viscosity, ##u## be the fluid velocity field, ##\kappa_{1/2}## curvatures of the fluid surface, ##\sigma## surface tension, ##\hat n## normals to the...

Hi All, I'm looking for an analytical solution to the open channel rectangular fluid flow profile. The flow is bounded by three walls but the top is open to atmosphere. Assume steady state flow that is parallel and incompressible.I've already found information involving a rectangular flow...

If the velocity gradient decomposition is done by symmetric and antisymmetric parts then ##\frac{\partial v^i}{\partial x^j}=\sigma_{ij}+\omega_{ij}## where ##\sigma _{ij}=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{\partial v^i}{\partial x^j}+\frac{\partial v^j}{\partial x^i})## and...

1. What should be the size of object/Particle (sphere) so that it should remain suspended (neither it should sink nor it should float)? container dimensions 30*25*25, density of fluid 0.9g/cm3 , density of particle 0.86g/cm3 , particle is coated with aluminium having density of 2.07g/cm3.(if...

The actual problem I am trying to understand is the suction requirement to move #2 home heating fuel from the outdoor tank to the pump of the burner located in my cellar. But first i just want to understand the movement of fluid in a vertical pipe without worrying about viscosity or...

I've searched online over multiple sites and can find no answer to this. I know the basics on acceleration, mass and few others. To try and paint the right picture, take a person and put him in a hollow object--a tube shape--and accelerate them. They are subject to inertia. Now take that person...

If we have a tube of fluid going like it is shown in the picture, and we measure pressure at two points we would get the same value. But the fluid is still going from point A to point B. So is pressure difference not necessary for fluid flow or I made some other wrong assumptions?

Homework Statement A drop of water fall towards the ground with initial mass [m][/0] and radius [r][/0] (assume the initial shape of that water drop is sphere). the air resistance is F=½.ρ.A.[v][/2].C (C is the drag coefficent, A is the area that the air contact with the water drop and ρ is the...

I'm doing a fun home project, and it involves water flowing through a metal pipe, where the surrounding is significantly lower temperature than the water in the pipe. The point of the exercise is to cool the water in the pipe as it flows through it. The question is, what influence does flow...

Hi everyone! For the past week I have spend a lot of time thinking about how de Laval nozzles work. But before I convince myself that I have understood it, I want to make sure that the (simpler) scenarios I describe below are correct. Setup: We have a long pipe with constant radius r = 1...