Orbital Definition and 790 Threads

is the hybrid orbital the solution of Schrodinger equation ? Or why we have to make orbital hybridization?

If we had a literal two body system (point masses M and m), with one orbiting the other according to Newton's Law of gravitation, would there be orbital precession? Or would they map out the same ellipse each time?

A chemist is becoming suspicious here: So, for visual convenience, the so-called dxy, dxz, dyz, dz2, dx2-y2 orbitals are actually linear combination of eigenfunctions. But chemists have been using the geometric feature of these 'manmade' orbitals to make sense the chemical bonding successfully...

Homework Statement I'm trying to construct a molecular orbital correlation diagram for a tetrahedral compound [NiX4]2- considering the ligand pi-orbital basis. I've already constructed a diagram wherein the only the sigma-orbital basis is considered. In that diagram, I had 12 electrons for the...

Homework Statement I am actually an MD student, but I have been working on writing a novel. I wanted to create exoplanets that were suitable for human habitation, and I had a guy help me over the summer come up with plausible numbers for a variety of variables. Where I am having trouble now is...

Homework Statement An observer is orbiting at a radius r = 3GM, \theta = \frac{\pi}{2} and \phi = \omega t where w is constant. The observer sends a photon around the circular orbit in the positive \phi direction. What is the proper time \Delta \tau for the photon to complete one orbit...

Homework Statement A large telescope of mass 8410 kg is in a circular orbit around the earth, making one revolution every 927 minutes. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on the satellite by the earth? M_E = 6.0x10^{24} kg m_s = 8410 kg T_s = 927 min = 55,620 s G =...

Homework Statement If NASA wants to put a satellite in a circular orbit around the sun so it will make 2.0 orbits per year, at what distance (in astronomical units, AU) from the sun should that satellite orbit? The Earth's orbit is 1.0 AU from the sun. T_E = \frac {1.0orbit}{yr} T_s = \frac...

I'm sorry if this isn't astrophysics but I didn't know what else to post on. So I play this game called Kerbal Space Program, and I've recently been trying to calculate the delta v needed to launch my rockets and spaceships from all the planets and moons in the game. I learned how to calculate...

In this paper, the Orbital Polarization (OP) is defined as: $$OP=\frac{n_{x^2-y^2}-n_{z^2}}{n_{x^2-y^2}+n_{z^2}}$$ where $$n_i$$ is the occupancy of that given orbital. I would like to understand the physical meaning of this. Also, is there a difference between OP and Orbital Hybridization?

When considering the Lagrange point 1 in the Sun/Earth system, Does Lagrange Point 1 have any orbital velocity around Earth? I suspect a body at L1 has no orbital velocity around earth. But consider the Earth's position 6months later when it is opposite the sun. The Lagrange point would also...

1) When we learn about MO theory, we learn that there are different ways to combine atomic orbitals to find the molecular orbitals for a molecule. However, going back to the fundamental/physical meaning of orbitals, orbitals are the wavefunctions. Wavefunctions do not have any physical meaning...

Homework Statement hi guys this is my first post, and it relates to classical mechanics. the problems asks that if there is a planet, planet x, with the same mass as that of the Earth and orbiting the same orbit as that of the Earth but 180 degres off from earth, so that the if the Earth is at...

http://nypost.com/2014/09/28/what-is-the-pentagons-secret-space-drone-doing/ Cool article. Couple of questions: Why do they need to use self-contained atmospheric protective ensemble suits around the drone? Is that yellow object the man is carrying in the first pic a Geiger counter?

[Mentor's note: this thread was moved from a non-homework forum, therefore it does not use the normal template for homework questions] What is the speed of the electron in terms of the speed of the light when it is in the n = 3 state in the Hydrogen atom? I started with this equation to find...

Newton showed that if gravity at a distance R was proportional to 1/R2, then indeed the acceleration g measured at the Earth's surface would correctly predict the orbital period T of the Moon. (Remember Earths gravity causes the moon to orbit the Earth.) We can find the answer using MKS system...

Hi, I have a question related to the orbital angular momentum. In the referring to Arfken & Weber Mathematical Methods for physicists-6th edition page 267, "In the relativistic Dirac equation, orbital angular momentum is no longer conserved, but J=L+S is conserved," Here, I want to...

Sooo, this is something I'm really happy I figured out, buuuut, I want to make sure it's correct. I guess the context doesn't really matter, so you can skip the slashed part if you like. Honestly I'm not sure what forum this belongs in (Mathematics? Topology? There's no "geometry" forum, heh)...

In particle physics we know that total angular momentum is conserved and its equal to orbital angular momentum plus spin angular momentum Can you give an example for me this total angular momentum conservation with explain specificly tell orbital angular momentum and spin angular momentum.

How to prove when electron spin is perpendicular to linear momentum, orbital angular momentum can't be 0. And when they are paralleled, orbital angular momentum is 0. Thanks.

Hello experts, I would be glad if anyone could help me find out some basic beginners materials on ORBITAL MECHANICS. I am looking for ones that would help me understand the practical and technical aspects of launching a satellite, maintaining it in an orbit, changing orbits, results of...

1. Homework Statement Two identical moons of mass m maintain opposite positions in the same circular orbit of radius R around a planet of mass M. Find T2 the square of the orbital period. 2. Homework Equations T2=(4*pi2*R3)/ ( G*M ) [b]3. The Attempt at a Solution Hi...

Homework Statement Inscribe N chords of equal length within a circle of radius r. A body of mass m travels at constant speed v along the chords and is perfectly reflected in each collision with the circle (there is no momentum change tangent to the circle). Show that the radial momentum change...

Hi Just wondering about the orbital path of a high speed particle - eg electron in orbit. Is it length contracted? Then how do we manage nλ=2.π.r ? Neil

My book here says that ' Despite the shielding of the outer electrons from the nucleus by the inner shell electrons, the attractive force experienced by the outer shell electrons increases with increase of nuclear charge. In other words, the energy of interaction between the nucleus and electron...

Are there any actual numbers for electron orbital velocity in hydrogen atom?

[SIZE="4"]Definition/Summary Eccentricity is the measure of the 'roundness' of the orbit. For circular orbits: e=0 For elliptical orbits: 0<e<1 For parabolic trajectories: e=1 For hyperbolic Trajectories: e>1 [SIZE="4"]Equations e= \frac{c}{a} For ellipses: e =...

Homework Statement Question 1. If two objects were in the same orbit around a planet they would both have the same orbital velocity regardless of their mass. Using the equation given, explain why an object with twice the mass experiences the same orbital velocity. Homework Equations...

So, I've been looking into orbital angular momentum and magnetic moments, (which, at least in normal space with a normal angular topology seems limited to integer values of spin). (My model so far has been a parabolic potential harmonic oscillator in 3d, and the sort of spinning modes you can...

Homework Statement If the mass of the Moon is 7.4 x 1022 kg and its radius is 1.74 x 106 m, compute the speed with which an object would have to be fired in order to sail away from it, completely overcoming the Moon’s gravity pull. This might seem like a stupid question to ask, but I'm...

"Locally, the spin density S is an intrinsic (i.e. origin-independent) quantity, which is associated with the local ellipticity of the polarization of light. In turn, the orbital AM density L=r x P0 is a manifestly extrinsic (origin-dependent) and is produced by the corresponding canonical...

Hi I spotted on an MCAT book I am studying off of that the shading of the lobes(from a figure of p and sp3 orbitals) in an orbital represents the direction of spin for the electron and that in order for the electron density to overlap, the electrons must have the same spin. Firstly, I thought...

Homework Statement Calculate the orbital velocity in a geostationary orbit (the circular orbit around the Earth which has a period of 24 hours) and show that its radius is approximately 40,000 km. A satellite is to be inserted into a geostationary orbit from an elliptical orbit with perigee at...

I wonder if I might pick the brains of the forum's experts? I am embarking on creating a new gaming campaign world, something I've wanted to do for years but never quite manged: an entirely alien world (i.e. not populated by humans or the like), yet with the same sort of technology as you'd...

Relating to the synchronous nature of the moon’s rotation and orbit around the earth, what would happen if the orbital radius of the moon were slightly increased? I want to ignore tidal locking or gravitational gradient, and just look at it from an angular momentum perspective. Would...

Hello All! I was wondering if anyone can tell me if or if not the wavefunctions used to construct the electron density in density functional theory contains hybridizied orbitals. I have been working with a planewave pseudopotential code and in the input file of a pseudopotential, say...

Hi Im busy creating an application to simulation a rocket in orbit. I am having trouble as the results I am getting are incorrect. Could someone please check if I am using the correct method as stated below. Everything works on a 2d plane, and has a x and y coordinate and a x and y...

Hi, I was wondering if 2 electrons in an 1s-orbital of a hydrogen anion (or alternatively neutral helium) are positionally dependent. By that I mean if some knowledge about one electron's position would somewhat give knowledge about the other ? Or is it completely nonsense to talk about...

Hi, I need help with the following equations. n = r/r (unit vector in r direction) v =d r/dt = dr/dt n + r dn/dt L = r X (mv) = mr^2 [n X (dn/dt)] how did this mr^2 [n X (dn/dt)] came about? I would expect some thing from r X (mv) to this m (v X r)

Hello :smile: Homework Statement The orbital quantum number for the electron in the hydrogen atom is l = 4. What is the smallest possible value (in eV) for the total energy of this electron? (Use the quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom.) Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution...

Hello, my question id the following: when using Tsiolkovsky's equations to determine the velocity of a body after certain period of time, when the engine of a (space)craft is running, life is simple. But how do you calculate the falling rate of an object that is constantly falling, and then...

Homework Statement Taken from Binney's Text, pg 143. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution From equation (7.36): we see that ##\delta a## is in the direction of the angle rotated, ##\vec{x}## is the position vector, and ##\vec{n}## is the unit normal to the plane of...

A hypothetical planet Upiter orbits the sun. Upiter's semi-major axis is 5.2 AU. The mass of Upiter is .001 that of the sun. The eccentricity is 0.2. For this problem, ignore the other planets. d. Compute Upiter's speed when it is closest to the sun. I believe the equation I use for...

Hey guys. When i was studying the molecular orbital diagram for HF, it was said to me that 1s od hydrogen CANNOT overlap with 2py or 2px of fluorine due to the assymetry of these two orbitals, so it overlaps exclusively with 2pz. (And cannot overlap with 2s of fluorine becouse of large energy...

Has anyone seen the derivation of \(\ddot{\mathbf{r}} = -\frac{\mu}{r^3}\mathbf{r}\) into state matrix form? If so, can they provide a link?

Why isn't the Orbital angular momentum quantum number in the nuclear shell model restricted by the principal quantum number like it is in the atomic shell model? Also, does the principal quantum number even correspond to energy in the shell model?

Look for help on these equations. Any help will be greatly appreciated. Thanks so much! :) The Apollo spacecraft must be traveling at what velocity in order to remain in a 110 kilometer orbit around the moon? The magnitude of the Apollo’s orbital velocity can be computed from the laws of...

The "s" in the geodesic equation refers to the "surface area" for that portion of the orbit around a star or black hole. For a small enough "delta t" the surface areas are the same. Around a small star the orbital surface area (without the other interfering gravitational sources) would...

Hi everybody, In most classical or quantum optics texts an angular momentum is considered for the EM radiation as the following: J = ε_0 ∫_V r × [E(r, t) × B(r, t)] d^3 r Then it is claimed that: "Using the usual formula for a double vector product and integrating by parts...

Hi I have a question regarding Molecular orbital theory: Is it correctly understood that if we combine 2 or more atoms the atomic orbitals can become 2 things: They can either become Hybrid orbitals which are the orbitals that form sigma bonds between atoms, or they can become Molecular...