A pendulum on a moon has a length of 1.5 meters and a period of 4.2 seconds, resulting in a calculated gravitational acceleration of approximately 3.36 m/s². The discussion shifts to determining how high a rock thrown 13 meters into the air on Earth would ascend if thrown with the same initial velocity on that moon. To find the initial velocity of the rock on Earth, the SUVAT equations are referenced, particularly focusing on the variables of displacement, initial velocity, final velocity, and acceleration. The relevant equation for this scenario is identified, though the specific equation is not stated. The conversation emphasizes the need to apply these physics concepts to solve the problem effectively.