A problem in Finite Group Theory

In summary, in Martin Isaacs' 'Finite Group Theory', at the end of Chapter II on subnormality, a problem is presented regarding a finite group G=AN, where A is abelian, N is normal in G, and the centralizer of N in A is trivial. The goal is to show that |A|<|N|. This can be proven by assuming |A|>=|N| and using the fact that the Fitting subgroup of N is the intersection of N with the Fitting subgroup of G. By applying the corollary, we can get a contradiction if there exists a non-trivial intersection between A and F(G). This can be shown by considering a nilpotent normal subgroup U that
  • #1
the_fox
28
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This is a problem I encountered in Martin Isaacs' 'Finite Group Theory'. It's located at the end of Chapter II which deals with subnormality, and the particular paragraph is concerned with a couple of not so well-known results which I quote for reference:

(In what follows F is the Fitting subgroup)

Theorem (Zenkov)
Let A and B be abelian subgroups of the finite group G, and let M be a minimal (in the sense of containment) member of the set {A \cap B^g | g in G}. Then M is a subgroup of F(G).

An easy corollary follows which establishes the existence of a subnormal subgroup:

Corollary
If A is an abelian subgroup of the finite group G and |A|>=|G:A|, then A intersects F(G) non-trivially.

In fact, if A is cyclic then a normal subgroup is guaranteed:

Theorem (Lucchini)
Let A be a cyclic proper subgroup of a finite group G, and let K=core_G(A). Then |A:K|<|G:A|, and in particular, if |A|>=|G:A|, then K>1.

Problem
Let G be a finite group such that G=AN, where A is abelian, N is normal in G, the centralizer of N in A is trivial as is the Fitting subgroup of N. Show that |A|<|N|.

Note that, since N is normal in G, the Fitting subgroup of N is the intersection of N with the Fitting subgroup of G. So, if |A|>=|N| in the problem, then |A|>=|N:N \cap A|=|NA:A|=|G:A| and the corollary applies to give a non-trivial intersection of A with F(G). How does one proceed from here to obtain a contradiction? In particular, how can the condition on the centralizer be utilized effectively?
 
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  • #2
Let ##1\neq g \in A\cap F(G)##. Then there is a nilpotent normal subgroup ##U\triangleleft G##, which contains ##g## and is thus not trivial. Then ##U\cap N \subseteq U## is also nilpotent and normal, i.e. included in ##F(N)=\{\,1\,\}##. Hence ##U\cap N = \{\,1\,\}## and ##U\times N## is a direct product which contains ##g##. But as ##1\neq g \in A \cap U## we have ##g \in C_A(N) = \{\,1\,\}##, the required contradiction.
 

1. What is Finite Group Theory?

Finite Group Theory is a branch of abstract algebra that focuses on the study of groups with a finite number of elements. It involves the study of group structures and their properties, such as subgroups, cosets, and group actions.

2. What are some common problems in Finite Group Theory?

Some common problems in Finite Group Theory include classifying all groups of a given order, determining the structure of a group given its presentation, and finding the automorphism group of a given group.

3. How is Finite Group Theory used in other fields of science?

Finite Group Theory has applications in various fields such as cryptography, coding theory, and particle physics. It is also used in the study of symmetry in chemistry and crystallography.

4. What are some tools and techniques used in Finite Group Theory?

Some tools and techniques used in Finite Group Theory include group actions, group presentations, the Sylow theorems, and the classification of finite simple groups.

5. What are some open problems in Finite Group Theory?

Some open problems in Finite Group Theory include the Classification of Finite Simple Groups, the existence of infinite simple groups, and the existence of a finite group with a given set of properties. Additionally, there are ongoing efforts to generalize and extend the existing results in Finite Group Theory.

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