A Are vacuum EM modes circularly polarized according to QED?

Pet Scan
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I'm talking of the virtual EM modes of vacuum...
 
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In what direction would you expect them to be polarized?
 
How can I expect a direction when I don't even know if it is possible for Virtual photons to have circularly polarized modes? In other words; are the fundamental vacuum EM virtual modes circular polarized (like real photons) ? IOWs, in vacuum does QED take into account a virtual photon's circularly polarized state?
 
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Pet Scan said:
How can I expect a direction when I don't even know if it is possible for Virtual photons to have circularly polarized modes?

You've missed the point @Vanadium 50 was making. For any EM mode to be polarized, it must be polarized in a particular direction. That means that particular direction is different from other directions. But in the vacuum, all directions are the same; they have to be, because it's vacuum, so there is nothing there to pick out a particular direction. So virtual photons in the vacuum can't be polarized, because if they were, it would violate the property of the vacuum that all directions are the same.
 
Insights auto threads is broken atm, so I'm manually creating these for new Insight articles. Towards the end of the first lecture for the Qiskit Global Summer School 2025, Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Olivia Lanes (Global Lead, Content and Education IBM) stated... Source: https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/quantum-entanglement-is-a-kinematic-fact-not-a-dynamical-effect/ by @RUTA
If we release an electron around a positively charged sphere, the initial state of electron is a linear combination of Hydrogen-like states. According to quantum mechanics, evolution of time would not change this initial state because the potential is time independent. However, classically we expect the electron to collide with the sphere. So, it seems that the quantum and classics predict different behaviours!
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