In a parallel plate capacitor with one plate charged and the other neutral, the potential difference can be calculated using the formula V = Q/C, where Q is the charge and C is the capacitance. Grounding the neutral plate allows it to gain charge, effectively neutralizing the positive charge on the other plate. When a charged conductor is brought near an uncharged one and the uncharged conductor is earthed, it can acquire a charge through induction. The discussion emphasizes the importance of visualizing the charge distribution on the plates to understand the effects of grounding. Overall, grounding alters the charge distribution and potential difference in the capacitor setup.