The problem statement in "A" is a clear and concise explanation of the issue or question that the scientific study aims to address. It outlines the purpose and objectives of the study and provides a context for the research.
Variables in "A" refer to any factors or conditions that may affect the outcome of the study. These can be independent variables (those that are manipulated by the researcher) or dependent variables (those that are measured as a result of the independent variables).
The given or known information in "A" refers to any data, facts, or background knowledge that is already established or available before the study begins. This may include previous research findings, existing theories, or specific details about the subject or phenomenon being studied.
Defining the problem statement and variables in a scientific study is crucial because it provides a clear focus for the research and helps to avoid any ambiguity or confusion. It also allows other researchers to replicate the study and verify the results, and ensures that any conclusions drawn are based on solid evidence and not influenced by any extraneous factors.
Scientists typically use a systematic approach to formulate a problem statement and identify variables in a study. This may involve conducting a literature review, developing a hypothesis, and then determining the key variables that need to be controlled or measured in order to test the hypothesis. The problem statement and variables may also be refined and revised throughout the course of the study as new information is gathered.